The abstract is a stand-alone text that must be comprehensible and exhaustive without the accompanying article. After reading the abstract, the reader should know the main premises of the article and its conclusions.

The abstract should be succinct, give pertinent information, and be devoid of discursive and rhetorical elements.

The abstract does not substitute the introduction.

The abstract must not be a part of the article it accompanies.

The abstract should not exceed 1/2 page of a text file formatted according to the Instructions for Authors.

The abstract should:

• clearly state the purpose and research problem of the article,
• present the sources and conducted research,
• include the results of the study and analysis of the sources,
• briefly summarize the conclusions of the article.

The abstract may:

• include the information on the importance of the article against the background of previous work in the field,
• provide basic biographical information about the chief persons discussed in the article, including their years of life.

The abstract should not include:

• quotations, footnotes, or references to other texts,
• illustrations and tables,
• discussion of secondary and marginal topics or persons mentioned in the article,
• elaborate discussion of sources,
• detailed discussion of the status quaestionis,
• discussion of the historical background of the topics covered in the article,
• acknowledgments, information about the funding, or other data relating to how the article originated.