Słowa kluczowe: Heracleides Ponticus, divinization, heroization, Greek religion, IV c. BC, Ptolemy II, Arsinoe II, the Aegean area, ruler cult, poleis, Ptolemies, Judaea, Jerusalem, Maccabees, Seleucids, Antiochus IV., Jason, Hellenism, Religion, Judaism, Paganism, Gymnasium, Sports, history of Second Temple Judaism, 1 Maccabees 5, Judas Maccabeus, wars, biblical models, Saul, Roman imperialism, Roman expansion, war rituals, bellum iustum, devotio, clarigatio, ius fetiale, Roman religion, princeps, Augustus, Tiberius, pontifex maximus, Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae, honorary statues, public communication, Judea, Flavians, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, religion, Antoninus Pius, medallions, representations of gods, Ceres, Cybele, Aesculapius, imperial Rome, imperial cult, Roman associations, inscriptions