FAQ

Zoon Politikon

Women in Indian and Pakistani Politics: Reservation Policy and Quotas versus Human Development

Data publikacji: 24.05.2019

Zoon Politikon, 2019, 10/2019, s. 5 - 26

https://doi.org/10.4467/2543408XZOP.19.001.10560

Autorzy

Agnieszka Nitza-Makowska
Collegium Civitas
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-986X Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Tytuły

Women in Indian and Pakistani Politics: Reservation Policy and Quotas versus Human Development

Abstrakt

This study compares the measures that serve women’s numerical presence in politics in India and Pakistan. Based on the selected indicators of women’s human development, the paper also outlines the socio-economic and cultural conditions under which these measures operate. Drawing mainly on the primary sources coupled with Indian and Pakistani movies, the paper concludes by exposing the gap between an average woman citizen and a woman politician that exists in both countries regardless of quotas and reservation policy.

Bibliografia

Asian Development Bank (2000), Country Briefing Paper. Women in Pakistan, https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/32562/women-pakistan.pdf

Bedi B. (Producer), Kapur, S. (Director) (1994), Bandit Queen, India: Kaleidoscope Entertainment, Channel 4

Bhattacharya P., Kundu T. (2018), 99% cases of sexual assaults go unreported, “Live mint”, https://www.livemint.com/Politics/AV3sIKoEBAGZozALMX8THK/99-cases-of-sexual-assaults-go-unreportedgovt-data-shows.html

BJP (2014), Election Manifesto 2014, http://www.bjp.org/images/pdf_2014/full_manifesto_english_07.04.2014.pdf

Burns N., Schlozman K.L., Verba S. (2001), The Private Roots of Public Action: Gender, Equality, and Political Participation, Harvard University, Cambridge

Chatterji S. (2017), Political Will, Patriarchy: Why The Women’s Reservation Bill Has Still Not Been Passed, “Hindustan Times”, https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/political-will-patriarchy-why-the-women-s-reservation-bill-has-still-not-been-passed/story-TB8ABRItzXm5QRuZaDSb5K.html

Chattopadhyay R., Duflo E. (2003), The Impact of Reservation in the Panchayati Raj: Evidence from a Nationwide Randomized Experiment, MIT Economics, https://economics.mit.edu/files/769

Chauhan N. (2017), 2016 saw 106 rapes a day, Delhi the capital here too, “The Times of India”, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/61872073.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act (2010), http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/amendments/18amendment.html.

Constitution (Thirty-first Amendment) Act (2018), http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1527169356_307.pdf

Dawn Report. Not a Single Woman Cast Vote in Local Government By-Polls in Dir Districts (2017), “Dawn”, https://www.dawn.com/news/1378923

Deepak Sh. (Director) &, Prakash J. (2010), Raajneeti, [Motion Picture], India, Prakash Jha Productions Walkwater Media Ltd.

Desai M. (2005), Why India is a Democracy, (in:) Divided by Democracy, (Ed.) Page D., Roli Books, New Delhi

Domżalski S. (2017), Indie w gospodarce światowej. Słoń, który pragnął latać, Asian Century, Warszawa

Dowry Prohibition Act (1961), http://wcd.nic.in/dowryprohibitionact.htm

Election Commission of India (1955), Report on the First General Election in India 1951-52, Volume 1, https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/genr/FirstGenElection-51-52.pdf

Eurostat (2018), Violent sexual crimes recorded in the EU, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/EDN-20171123-1?inheritRedirect=true

Freedom House (2013a), Freedom in the World 2013 – India, http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/india

Freedom House (2013b), Freedom in the World 2013 – Pakistan, http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/pakistan

Guha R. (2008), India after Gandhi. The History of the World’s Largest Democracy, Macmillan, London

INC (2009), Lok Sabha Elections 2009 Manifesto of the Indian National Congress, http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/Congress%20Manifesto.pdf

Jamil H., Anmolam, (2017), Why Aren't We Dealing With the Lack of Women in Indian Politics, “The Wire”, https://thewire.in/gender/politics-womens-representation

Kashyap (Producer & Director) (2008), Gulaal, [Motion Picture], India, Zee Limelight

Kumari R. (1992), Women in Decision Making, Centre for Social Research Vikas Pub. House, New Delhi

Mansoor S. (Director & Producer) (2007), Khuda Kay Liye, [Motion Picture], Pakistan, Shoman Productions Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (1971), http://tcw.nic.in/Acts/MTP-Act-1971.pdf

Mehdi T. (2015), Women in Politics, “Dawn”, https://www.dawn.com/news/1183988

Offence of Qazf (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance (1979), Ordinance VIII of 1979, http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/zia_po_1979/ord7_1979.html

Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance (1979) – Ordinance VII of 1979 Ordinance No. VII of 1979, February 9th, http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/zia_po_1979/ord7_1979.html

Pew Research Centre (2014), Most Pakistanis agree with Malala on educating girls, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/10/most-pakistanis-agree-with-malala-on-educating-girls/

Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act (1994), http://chdslsa.gov.in/right_menu/act/pdf/PNDT.pdf

PTI (2018), Women’s political participation in India low, need more: Economic Survey, “The Economic Times”, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/womens-politicalparticipation-in-india-low-need-more-economic-survey/articleshow/62696726.cms

Rais R.B. (2008), Pakistan, (in:) Electoral Processes and Governance In South Asia, (Ed.) Mendis D., SAGE, New Delhi

Roth V. (Producer & Director) (2017), Daughters of Destiny, [Motion Picture], The US: Netflix

Statista (2018), Number of reported forcible rape cases in the United States from 1990 to 2017, https://www.statista.com/statistics/191137/reported-forcible-rape-cases-in-the-usa-since-1990/

UN Woman (n.d.), Consequences and Costs, http://www.endvawnow. org/en/articles/301-consequences-and-costs-.html UNDP (2018a), Gender Inequality Index, http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII

UNDP (2018b), Human Development Index 2018, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf

United Nations (2015), World’s Women 2015: Trends and Statistics, New York, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/downloads/worldswomen2015_report.pdf

Women’s Reservation Bill (The Constitution 108th Amendment) (2008), PRS Legislative Research, https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Women_Reservation_Bill_as_passed_on_Mar_9.pdf

Informacje

Informacje: Zoon Politikon, 2019, s. 5 - 26

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

Women in Indian and Pakistani Politics: Reservation Policy and Quotas versus Human Development

Angielski:

Women in Indian and Pakistani Politics: Reservation Policy and Quotas versus Human Development

Publikacja: 24.05.2019

Status artykułu: Otwarte __T_UNLOCK

Licencja: CC BY-SA  ikona licencji

Udział procentowy autorów:

Agnieszka Nitza-Makowska (Autor) - 100%

Korekty artykułu:

-

Języki publikacji:

Angielski

Liczba wyświetleń: 1770

Liczba pobrań: 1074