Oddziaływania psychologiczne i dyscyplinujące w armiach późnego antyku
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEWybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEOddziaływania psychologiczne i dyscyplinujące w armiach późnego antyku
Data publikacji: 10.03.2015
Prace Historyczne, 2014, Numer 141 (4), s. 841 - 852
https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.14.041.2939Autorzy
Oddziaływania psychologiczne i dyscyplinujące w armiach późnego antyku
The psychological and disciplinary treatment of soldiers in the armies of late antiquity
The multiethnic army of the Late Roman Empire generated a huge number of disciplinary problems. Reading the work of Vegetius we hear about serious negligence in the overall military discipline. Other sources inform us repeatedly about mutinies, desertions and self-mutilations of the soldiers who wanted to avoid being incorporated into the army. Very often the mentality of barbarians (e.g. the Huns) in the service of the Roman Army was completely contradictory to the requirements of the Roman law and military customs. A huge role in keeping discipline in army ranks was played by a commander. He was expected to look after his soldiers, build a manly spirit in the detachment, inspire his people by examples of personal courage and – what was truly no less important – have a good fortune on the battlefield. As an impact factor exerting influence on the soldiers, they tried to use not only the harsh punishments, but also some psychological methods e.g. if the signs from the gods were auspicious, they tried to spread the news as far and wide as possible; they took care of the sick and wounded; they supervised the supply of goods and an equitable sharing of the spoils. However whenever they considered it useful, they also resorted to blackmail, taking soldiers’ families hostage; they also threatened that the commander would resign or cut off the only way of escape without any hesitation. Understanding the psychological effects of such actions constitutes a real research challenge.
Źródła:
Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum gestarum libri XXXI, ed. Wolfgang Seyfahrt, t. 1 i 2, Leipzig 1978.
Codex Theodosianus, ed. Theodor Mommsen, (Neudruck) Berlin 1954.
Hydatius Lemicensis, Continuatio chronicorum Heronymianorum, ed. Theodor Mommsen, Monumenta Germaniae Historica AA XI (1893), s. 1 i nast.
Orosius Paulus, Historiarum adversum paganos libri VII, ed. Karl Zangemeister, Leipzig 1889.
Prokopios Caesarinsis, Bella I–VIII [w:] Procopii Caesariensis opera omnia, vol. I–II, ed. Jacobus Haury, Leipzig 1952.
Sozomen Hermiasz, Ekklesiastike historia, ed. Joseph Bidez, opr. do druku Günter Christian Hansen, Berlin 1995.
Tacitus Publius Cornelius, Cornelii Taciti. Libri qui supersunt, t. 1, p. 1 Ab excessu divi Augusti libri I–IV, ed. Staphanus Borzsák et Kenneth Wellesley, Stuttgardiae, Lipsiae 1992.
Vegetius Flavius Renatus, Epitoma rei militaris, ed. E. Lommatzsch, Lipsiae 1903.
Zosimos, Historia Nova, ed. Ludovicus Mendelssohn, Lipsiae 1887.
Opracowania:
Albert G., Goten in Konstantinopel. Untersuchung zur oströmischen Geschichte um das Jahr 400 n. Chr., Paderborn–München–Wien–Zurich 1984.
Albert G., Zur Chronologie der Empörung des Gainas im Jahre 400 n. Chr., „Historia“ 1980, t. 39, s. 504–508.
Burns T.S., Barbarians within the Gates of Rome. A study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, ca. 375–425 A.D., Bloomington/Indianapolis 1994.
Demandt A., Magister militum, Realenzyklopädie. Suppl. 12 [miejsce], 1971, k. 553 i nast.
Elton H., Cavalry in Late Roman Warfare [w:] The Late Roman Army in the near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest (proceedings of a colloquium held at Potenza, Acerenza and Matera, Italy/May 2005), ed. A.S. Lewin, P. Pellegrini, Oxford 2007, s. 377–382.
Elton H., Warfare in Roman Europe A.D. 350–425, Oxford 1996.
Głuszanin E.P., Военная знать ранней Византии, Barnauł 1991.
Grosse R., Römische Militärgeschichte von Gallienus bis zum Beginn der byzantinischen Themenverfassung, Berlin 1920.
Hoffman D., Die spätrömische Bewegungsheer und die Notitia dignitatum, t. 1 i 2, Düsseldorf 1969–1970.
Isaac B., The Limits of Empire. The Roman Army in the East, Oxford 1990.
Liebeschuetz J.H.W.G., Barbarians and Bishops. Army, Church, and State in the Age of Arcadius and Chrysostom, Oxford 1990.
Schmitt O., From the late Roman to the early Byzantine army. Two aspects of change [w:] The Late Roman Army in the near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest (proceedings of a colloquium held at Potenza, Acerenza and Matera, Italy/May 2005), ed. A.S. Lewin, P. Pellegrini, Oxford 2007, s. 411–420.
Torres Rodríguez C., El reino de los Suevos, Santiago de Compostella 1977.
Waas M., Germanen im römischen Dienst (im 4. Jh. n. Chr.), Bonn 1971.
Whitby M., Rome at War A.D. 293–696, Oxford 2002.
Wilczyński M., Germanie w służbie zachodniorzymskiej w V w. n.e. Studium historyczno-prosopograficzne, Kraków 2001.
Wilczyński M., Królestwo Swebów – regnum in extremitate mundi, Kraków 2011.
Wolfram H., Die Goten. Von den Anfängen bis zur Mitte des sechsten Jahrhunderts. Entwurf einer historischen Ethnographie, Dritte, neubearbeitete Auflage, München–Wien 1990.
Zuckerman C., Armia [w:] Świat Bizancjum. Tom 1. Cesarstwo wschodniorzymskie 330–641, red. C. Morisson, tłum. A. Graboń, Kraków 2007, s. 169–212.
Informacje: Prace Historyczne, 2014, Numer 141 (4), s. 841 - 852
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Tytuły:
Oddziaływania psychologiczne i dyscyplinujące w armiach późnego antyku
The psychological and disciplinary treatment of soldiers in the armies of late antiquity
Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska, ul. Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków
Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
ul. Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Polska
Publikacja: 10.03.2015
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: Żadna
Udział procentowy autorów:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
PolskiLiczba wyświetleń: 2192
Liczba pobrań: 1174