The effect of cognitive reserve on the level of executive functions in old age
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEChoose format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEZnaczenie zasobów poznawczych dla poziomu funkcji zarządzających w wieku senioralnym
Publication date: 06.03.2014
Developmental Psychology, 2013, Volume 18, Issue 4, pp. 83 - 93
Authors
Znaczenie zasobów poznawczych dla poziomu funkcji zarządzających w wieku senioralnym
The effect of cognitive reserve on the level of executive functions in old age
Old age is characterized by an age-related cognitive decline. The role of executive functions in this process has recently been indicated. The population of elderly people, however, is not homogenous in terms of intellectual functioning. This diversity may be explained by evoking the notion of cognitive reserve which posits that elderly people have different levels of resources enabling them to compensate for the negative changes. The level of the cognitive reserve is related to the level of the executive functions.
This study analyzes the relationship between the levels of three components of the executive functions: flexibility, working memory and planning, and educational, cultural or physical activities carried out throughout life. The results show that educational and cultural activities are important to working memory, while planning is additionally helped by physical activity. Further, some components of the executive functions are more infl uenced by activity before retirement, while others are more affected by activity after retirement.
Aicherberg M.C., Busch M.A., Reischies F.M., Strohle A., Heinz A., Rapp M.A. (2010), Effect of physical inactivity on cognitive performance after 2.5 years of follow-up. Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 1, 7–15.
Baltes P.B., Reese H., Lipsett L. (1980), Lifespan developmental psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 61–110.
Baltes P.B., Staudinger U.M. (2000), Wisdom: A metaheuristic (pragmatic) to orchestrate mind and virtue toward excellence. American Psychologists, 55, 122–136.
Birren J.E., Fisher L.M. (1995), Aging and speed of behavior: Possible consequences for psychological functioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 329–353.
Brickman A.M., Siedlecki K.L., Stern Y. (2010), Cognitive and brain reserve [w:] C.A. Depp, D.V. Jeste (eds.), Successful cognitive and emotional aging, 157–173. Arlington: APP. Bromley D.B. (1969), Psychologia starzenia się. Warszawa: PWN.
Byczewska K., Kielar-Turska M. (2011), Funkcje zarządzające u osób w wieku senioralnym o różnym poziomie potrzeb edukacyjnych. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 16(1), 85–98.
Carpenter P.A., Miyake A., Just M.A. (1994), Working memory constraints in comprehension: Evidence from individual differences, aphasia, and aging [w:] M.A. Gernsbacher (ed.), Handbook of psycholinguistics, 1075–1122. New York: Academic Press.
De Frias C.M., Dixon R.A., Strauss E. (2006), Structure of executive functioning tests in healthy older adults. Neuropsychology, 20(2), 206–214.
Hanna-Pladdy B., MacKay A. (2011), The relation between instrumental musical activity and cognitive aging. Neuropsychology, 25(3), 378–86.
Hughes C., Graham A., Grayson A. (2004), Executive function in childhood: development and disorder [w:] J. Oates, A. Grayson (eds.), Cognitive and language development in children, 205–230. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Jagodzińska M. (2008), Psychologia pamięci. Badania, teorie, zastosowania. Gliwice: Helion.
Jodzio K. (2008), Neuropsychologia intencjonalnego działania. Koncepcje funkcji wykonawczych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowa SCHOLAR.
Katzman R., Aronson M., Fuld P., Kawas C., Brown T., Morgenstern H., Frishman W., Gidez L., Eder H., Ooi W.L. (1989), Development of dementing illnesses in an 80-year-old volunteerscohort. Annals of Neurology, 25, 317–324.
Krawczyński M., Olszewski H., Sołowiej J., Tłokiński W. (1997), Wypełnianie starości. Trening ku życiu. Manchester–Gdańsk: A.E.L. Publishing House.
Kray J., Lindenberger U. (2000), Adult age differences in task switching. Psychology and Aging, 15, 126–147.
Libon D.J., Glosser G., Malamut B.L., Kaplan E., Goldberg E., Swenson R., Sands L.P. (1994), Age, executive functions, and visuospatial functioning in healthy older adults. Neuropsychology, 8(1), 38–43.
Lowe Ch., Rabbitt P. (1997), Cognitive models of ageing and frontal lobe deficits [w:] P. Rabbitt (ed.), Methodology of frontal and executive function, 39–59. Hove: Psychology Press.
Marcinek P. (2007), Funkcjonowanie intelektualne w okresie starości. Gerontologia Polska, 15, 3, 69–75.
McDowd J.M., Shaw R.J. (2000), Aging and attention: A functional perspective [w:] F.I.M. Craik, T.A. Salthouse (eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition II, 221–292. Mahwah, New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Mejia S., Pineda D., Alvarez L., Ardila A. (1998), Individual differences in memory and executive function abilities during normal aging. International Journal of Neurosciences, 95, 271–284.
Pasupathi M., Staudinger U.M., Baltes P.B. (2001), Seeds of wisdom: Adolescent’s knowledge and judgment about difficult life problems. Developmental Psychology, 37, 351–361.
Prull M.W., Gabrieli J.D.E., Bunge S.A. (2000), Age-related changes in memory: A cognitive neuroscience perspective [w:] F.I.M. Craik, T.A. Salthouse (eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition II, 91–155. Mahwah, New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Roldan-Tapia L., Garcia J., Canovas R., Leon I. (2012), Cognitive reserve, age, and their relation to attentional and executive functions. Applied Neuropsychology, 19, 2–8.
Salthouse T.A. (1992), Mechanisms of age-cognition relations in adulthood. Hillsdale, New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Salthouse T.A. (2005), Relations between cognitive abilities and measures of executive functioning. Neuropsychology, 19(4), 532–545.
Salthouse T.A., Atkinson T.M., Berish D.E. (2003), Executive functioning as a potential mediator of age-re- lated cognitive decline in normal adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 132(4), 566–594.
Schank R.C. (1982), Dynamic memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schooler C., Mulatu M.S. (2001), The reciprocal effect of leisure time activities and intellectual functioning in older people: A longitudinal analysis. Psychology and Aging, 16(3), 466–482.
Smith E.E., Jonides J. (1999), Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science, 283, 1657–1661.
Stern Y. (2002), What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 448–460.
Stoltzfus E.R., Hasher L., Zacks R.T. (1996), Working memory and aging: current status of the inhibitory view [w:] J.T.E. Richardson, R.W. Engle, L. Hasher, R.H.Logie, E.R. Stoltzfus, R.T. Zacks (eds.), Working memory and human cognition, 66–88. New York: Oxford University Press.
Straś-Romanowska M. (2002), Późna dorosłość. Wiek starzenia się [w:] B. Harwas-Napierała, J. Trempała (red.), Psychologia rozwoju człowieka, t. 2. Charakterystyka okresów życia człowieka, 326–350. Warszawa: PWN.
Stuart-Hamilton I. (2006), Psychologia starzenia się. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Zysk i S-ka.
Świątek A. (2007), Specyficzne zjawiska komunikacyjne w wieku senioralnym. Sztuka Leczenia, XIV (1–2), 69–78.
Tell D., Nilsson P.M. (2006), Early ageing in middle-aged men is associated with adverse social factors and increased mortality risk: The Malmo Preventive Project. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34, 346–352.
West R., Bowry R. (2006), Starzenie się kontroli poznawczej: badania nad przetwarzaniem konfliktu, zaniedbywaniem celu i monitorowaniem błędów [w:] Engle R.W., Sędek G., von Hecker U., McIntosh D.N. (red.), Ograniczenia poznawcze: starzenie się i psychopatologia, 113–135. Warszawa: Wydawnic- two Naukowe PWN.
Willis S.L., Schaie K.W., Martin M. (2009), Cognitive plasticity [w:] Bengtson V., Silverstein M., Putney N., Gans D. (eds.), Handbook of theories of aging. New York, Springer Publishing Company.
Information: Developmental Psychology, 2013, Volume 18, Issue 4, pp. 83 - 93
Article type: Original article
Titles:
Znaczenie zasobów poznawczych dla poziomu funkcji zarządzających w wieku senioralnym
The effect of cognitive reserve on the level of executive functions in old age
Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, Mikołaja Kopernika 26, Kraków, Poland
ul. Mikołaja Kopernika 26, Kraków, Poland
Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
Published at: 06.03.2014
Article status: Open
Licence: None
Percentage share of authors:
Article corrections:
-Publication languages:
PolishView count: 3505
Number of downloads: 2439