FAQ

Methods of Tax Optimisation with the Use of Tax Havens

Publication date: 30.06.2021

Financial Law Review, 2021, Issue 22 (2)/ 2021, pp. 78 - 93

https://doi.org/10.4467/22996834FLR.21.013.13981

Authors

Patrycja Burandt
Taxes and Tax Consultancy, University of Gdańsk
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-0053 Orcid
All publications →

Titles

Methods of Tax Optimisation with the Use of Tax Havens

Abstract

The present study is concerned with chosen methods employed in a legal and illegal way by the taxpayers in order to reduce their tax burdens by the use of tax havens. The aim of this article is to elaborate on the phenomenon of tax competition, in particular, ways of using it for the purpose of tax optimisation. The essence of a tax haven introduced at the beginning serves as an introduction to the remaining content and lets one understand the outline of the discussed phenomenon. The presented methods cannot be considered a legal advice, but only an objective characteristic.

References

Download references
Avi-Yonah R. and Panayi C., Rethinking Treaty Shopping: Lessons For The European Union, University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository, Michigan 2010 Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1077&context=book_chapters, accessed: 9th May 2020
Barnhouse N., Booth A. and Wester K., Transfer Pricing, 2012 Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2196826, accessed: 4th May 2020
Barowicz, M., Ceny transferowe. Narzędzie optymalizacji podatkowej grupy kapitałowej. [Transfer pricing. Capital group tax optimization tool.], Warszawa: Placet, 2009
Becker J., Web of Shell Companies Veils Trade by Iran’s Ships, New York Times, 7th June 2010.
Bernstein, J., Beneficial Ownership: An International Perspective, Tax Notes International - Arlington, Vol. 45, no. 12, 2007
Bornscheuer, A., Ratgeber Steuerparadiese – Eine Analyse der 50 besten Steueroasen, Monachium: DTV-Beck, 1999
Chęciński R., Czerwiński M., Prawo w dobie globalizacji [Law in the age of globalization], Poznań: Stowarzyszenie Naukowe Doktorantów Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu [Scientific Association of PhD Students of the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań], 2016
Dharmpala D., Hines Jr., Which Countries Become Tax Havens?, 2009. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.952721, accessed: 22nd April 2020
Duff D., Responses to Tax Treaty Shopping: A Comparative Evaluation, 2010 Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1688689, accessed: 15th May 2020
Duff D., Tax treaty abuse and the principal purpose test - part 2, Canadian Tax Journal, no. 4, 2018 Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3258024, accessed: 15th May 2020
Dmowski A., Ceny transferowe. Analiza regulacji prawnych. Przykłady dokumentacji podatkowej [Transfer pricing. Analysis of legal regulations. Examples of tax documentation], Warszawa: Difin, 2006
Elliffe C., The Lesser of Two Evils: Double Tax Treaty Override or Treaty Abuse?, British Tax Review, No. 1, 2016 Available at: https://www.checkpointworld.com, accessed: 18th May 2020
Findley M., Nielson D., Sharman J., Global Shell Games: Testing Money Launderers’ and Terrorist Financiers’ Access to Shell Companies, Centre for Governance and Public Policy, Brisbane: Griffith University, 2012
Gajewski D., Aspekty podatkowe zjawiska treaty shopping [Tax aspects of the treaty shopping phenomenon], Radca Prawny [Attorney-at-Law], no. 120, 2011
Głuchowski J., Oazy podatkowe [Tax oases], Warszawa 1996
HJI Panayi Ch., Double Taxation, Tax Treaties, Treaty-Shopping and the European Community, Frederick: Kluwer Law International 2007
Lombardi M., Rotondaro C., Use of derivative financial instruments within a single legal entity, International transfer pricing journal, Vol. 5, no. 3, 1998
Jaszczuk A., Czy niemoralna polityka cen transferowych jest legalna? [Immoral transfer pricing policy is legal?], Warszawa: Ph.D. Institute of Economics Polish Academy of Sciences 2013
Kabalski P., Rachunkowość w zarządzaniu cenami transferowymi [Accounting in transfer pricing management], Gdańsk: Gdańsk Ośrodek Doradztwa i Doskonalenia Kadr [Counseling and Personnel Improvement Center], 2001
Lipowski T., Raje podatkowe a unikanie opodatkowania [Tax havens and tax avoidance], Warszawa: C.H. Beck, 2004
Lipowski T., Raje podatkowe. Charakterystyka i sposoby wykorzystywania [Tax havens. Characteristics and uses method], Gdańśk: Ośrodek Doradztwa i Doskonalenia Kadr [Counseling and Personnel Improvement Center], 2002
Mariański A. Podatek od wyjścia – przykład nieprzemyślanej legislacji podatkowej [Exit tax - example of ill-considered tax legislation], Przegląd podatkowy [Tax Law Review] no. 8, 2019
Marciniuk J., Podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych [Corporate tax], C. H. Beck Warszawa 2002
McGee, R. W., (2010). Ethical Issues in Transfer Pricing. Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, vol. 7, no. 2, 2010
Nowak-Piechota A., Podatek od wyjścia - analiza i ocena regulacji [Exit tax - analysis and evaluation of regulations], Przegląd Podatkowy [Tax Law Review] no. 1, 2019
OECD, Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital 2014, Paris: OECD Publishing 2015
OECD/G20, Base Erosion And Profit Shifting Project. Aligning Transfer Pricing Outcomes With Value Creation, Actions 8-10 - 2015 Final Reports, 2015 Available at: http://drtp.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/OECD-BEPS-Actions-8-10-Transfer-Pricing-Aspects-Intangibles-05.10.2015.pdf, accessed: 11th May 2020
Poleszczuk G., Raje podatkowe w ujęciu polskiego systemu prawa podatkowego [Tax havens in terms of the Polish tax law system], Częstochowa: Częstochowskie Wydaw. Naukowe przy Wyższej Szkole Zarządzania [Częstochowa Scientific Publisher at the University of Management], 2000
Sojak S., Ceny transferowe, teoria i praktyka [Transfer pricing - theory and practice], Warszawa: PWN [State Scientific Publishers], 2001
Toborek-Mazur J., Holding jako podmiot rachunkowości [Holding as an accounting entity], Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer, 2010
Vogel, K., Changes to the OECD Model Treaty and Commentary Since 1992, 51 Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation, no. 12, 1997
Winteler E. U., Seidl R., Steueroasen, Gabler Verlag [Springer Gabler], Wiesbaden: 1995
Witczak R., Wpływ funkcji cen transferowych na możliwość oceny sytuacji finansowej powiązanego przedsiębiorstwa [Impact of the transfer pricing function on the possibility of assessing the financial situation of a related enterprise], Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica, no. 218, 2008
Wyciślok J., Ceny transferowe. Przedsiębiorstwa powiązane, przerzucanie dochodów [Transfer pricing. Related enterprises, changing income], Warszawa: C. H. Beck, 2006
Zalasiński A., Klauzule ograniczające korzyści z umów o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania a prawo UE [Clauses limiting the benefits of double taxation conventions and EU law], Europejski Przegląd Sądowy [European Judicial Review], no. 1, 2008
Zdyb M. Instytucja właściciela faktycznego (beneficial owner) w umowach o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania [Beneficial owner institution in double taxation avoidance agreements], Przegląd Podatkowy [Tax Law Review], no. 6, 2009
Zdyb M., Nabywanie korzyści umownych (treaty shopping) oraz nadużywanie przepisów umów o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania (treaty abuse) [Purchase of contractual benefits (treaty shopping) and abuse of the provisions of double taxation treaties (treaty abuse)], Przegląd Podatkowy [Tax Law Review], no. 6, 2007
Legal Acts
Act of 23th October 2018 amending the act on personal income tax, act on corporate income tax, the act - Tax Ordinance and some other acts (consolidated text Journal of Laws 2018, item 2193).
Act of 29th August 1997 - Tax Ordinance
The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union of 30th April 2004
Internet Resources
ABC Transfer pricing 2018, Available at: www.podatki.gov.pl, accessed: 12th May 2020
Global Corporates Shifted $616 Billion In Profits To 11 Tax Havens, Available at: https://www.consultancy.uk/news/18324/global-corporates-shifted-616-billion-in-profits-to-11-tax-havens, accessed: 15th May 2020
Progress on global profit shifting: no more hiding for jurisdictions that sell profit shifting at the expense of others, Available at: https://www.taxjustice.net/2018/07/24/progress-global-profit-shifting/, accessed: 12th May 2020

Information

Information: Financial Law Review, 2021, Issue 22 (2)/ 2021, pp. 78 - 93

Article type: Original article

Authors

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-0053

Patrycja Burandt
Taxes and Tax Consultancy, University of Gdańsk
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-0053 Orcid
All publications →

Taxes and Tax Consultancy, University of Gdańsk

Published at: 30.06.2021

Article status: Open

Licence: CC BY-NC-ND  licence icon

Percentage share of authors:

Patrycja Burandt (Author) - 100%

Classification number:

JEL Classification System:

Multinational Firms | International Business (F23)
International Fiscal Issues | International Public Goods (H87)

Article corrections:

-

Publication languages:

English

View count: 815

Number of downloads: 1928

<p>Methods of Tax Optimisation with the Use of Tax Havens</p>