For a solder rod. The archeology of interpreting
This paper, based on research conducted by the pioneers of the history of interpreting
(A. Hermann, I. Kurz) in the 1950s and on modern archeological evidence, presents the
earliest references to interpreters in the Bronze Age, in the Near East and the Mediterranean
area (Mesopotamy, Egypt, Crete, Cartagina). It discusses a Summerian Early
Dynastic List, a summerian-eblaic glossary from Ebla, the Shu-ilishu’s Cylinder Seal,
the inscriptions and reliefs from the Tombs of the Princes of Elephantine and of Haremhab,
the mention of a 1/3 mina of tin dispensed at Ugarit to the interpreter of Minoan
merchants and the Hannon’s stela, as well as terms used by these early civilizations to
denote an interpreter: „eme-bal”, „targumannu”, „jmy-r(A) aw”, „mls”.

For a solder rod. The archeology of interpreting
This paper, based on research conducted by the pioneers of the history of interpreting
(A. Hermann, I. Kurz) in the 1950s and on modern archeological evidence, presents the
earliest references to interpreters in the Bronze Age, in the Near East and the Mediterranean
area (Mesopotamy, Egypt, Crete, Cartagina). It discusses a Summerian Early
Dynastic List, a summerian-eblaic glossary from Ebla, the Shu-ilishu’s Cylinder Seal,
the inscriptions and reliefs from the Tombs of the Princes of Elephantine and of Haremhab,
the mention of a 1/3 mina of tin dispensed at Ugarit to the interpreter of Minoan
merchants and the Hannon’s stela, as well as terms used by these early civilizations to
denote an interpreter: „eme-bal”, „targumannu”, „jmy-r(A) aw”, „mls”.