Kupiec, pielgrzym, pustelnik – Godryk z Finchale i jego niezwykła droga do świętości
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEWybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEKupiec, pielgrzym, pustelnik – Godryk z Finchale i jego niezwykła droga do świętości
Data publikacji: 06.06.2015
Prace Historyczne, 2015, Numer 142 (1), s. 45 - 60
https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.15.004.3500Autorzy
Kupiec, pielgrzym, pustelnik – Godryk z Finchale i jego niezwykła droga do świętości
MERCHANT, PILGRIM AND A HERMIT – GODRIC OF FINCHALE AND HIS UNUSUAL WAY TO SANCTITY
Godric of Finchale (ca. 1065/1069–1170) was born in a peasant family in Walpole. He was a merchant who achieved great economic success and became a rich man. As a grown-up man he decided to become an independent recluse at Finchale, but after a few years he was assimilated into the community of monks of Durham. Godric spent around 50 years at Finchale and stayed there until his death. His ascetic life gained him the fame of ‘a saint man’. Before the end of the 12th century monks of Durham prepared three hagiographic texts about Godric. The authors concentrated not only on his life as a hermit but also put emphasis on the period when he was hard working very successfull and rich merchant who used to pray and visit holy places. Medieval hagiographers usually omitted in their texts the episodes which did not prove sanctity of their heroes, so it can be presumed that in the opinion of monks of Durham, Godric’s hard work and economic success were the first steps on his way to sanctity. Such statements in hagiographic texts written before the end of the 12th century allows us to treat the monks of Durham as the pioneers of new churchmen’s attitude to the growing merchant class.
Alexander D., Hermits and hairshirts; the social meanings of saintly clothing in vitae of Godric of Finchale and Wulfric of Haselbury, „Journal of Medieval History” (Amsterdam) 2002, Vol. 28, s. 206–225.
Archer T.A., A Note on St. Godric, „The English Historical Review” (Oxford) 1902, Vol. 17,
No. 67, s. 479–480.
Ashe L., Mutatio dexterae Excelsi: Narratives of Transformation after the Conquest, „The Journal of English and Germanic Philology” (Illinois) 2011, Vol. 110, No. 2, s. 141–172.
Attewater D., John C.R., Dykcjonarz świętych, tłum. T. Rybowski, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków 1997.
Bratton S.P., Oaks, Wolves and Love: Celtic Monks and Northern Forests, „Journal of Forest History” (Durham) 1989, Vol. 33, No. 1, s. 4–20.
Cardini F., Wojownik i rycerz [w:] Człowiek średniowiecza, red. J. Le Goff, tłum.
M. Radożycka-Paoletti, Warszawa–Gdańsk 1996.
Chélini J., Dzieje religijności w Europie zachodniej w średniowieczu, tłum. I. Wyrzykowska, M. Wyrzykowska, Warszawa–Gdańsk 1996.
Coulton G.G., Social Life in Britain from the Conquest to the Reformation, Cambridge 1938.
Craster H.H.E., The Red Book of Durham: I Liber Ruber, „The English Historical Review” (Oxford) 1925, Vol. 40, No. 160, s. 504–532.
Deeming H., The Songs of St Godric: A Neglected Context, „Music & Letters” (Oxford) 2005, Vol. 86, No. 2, s. 169–185.
Delehaye H., The Legends of the Saints. An Introduction to Hagiography, London–New York–Bombay–Calcutta 1907.
Fouracre P., Gerberding R.A., Late Merovingian France. History and Hagiography 640–720, Manchester–New York 1996.
Fros H., Pamiętając o mieszkańcach nieba. O istocie i historii kultu świętych [w:] H. Fros, F. Sowa, Księga imion i świętych, t. VI, Kraków 2007.
Fros H., Sowa F., Księga imion i świętych, t. III, Kraków 1998.
Galafridus, De Sancto Godrico eremita Finchalae in Anglia. Acta Sanctorum Mensis Maii collecta digesta illustrata a Godefrido Henschenio et Daniele Papebrochop e Societate Iesu, Tomus V, quo continentur dies XX, XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, operam et studium conferentibus Francisco Baertio et Conrado Ianningo eiusdem Societatis, Antverpiae, 1685, reprint Bruxelles 1968.
Gransden A., Historical Writing in England c. 500 to c. 1307, London 1996.
Gras N.S.B., Economic Rationalism in the Late Middle Ages, „Speculum” (Cambridge, MA) 1933, Vol. 8, No. 3, 304–312.
Guriewicz A., Kategorie kultury średniowiecznej, tłum. J. Dancygier, Warszawa 1976.
Guriewicz A.J., Kupiec [w:] Człowiek średniowiecza, red. J. Le Goff, tłum. M. Radożycka-Paoletti, Warszawa–Gdańsk 1996.
Hayward P.A., Demystifying the role of sanctity in Western Christendom [w:] The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Essays on the Contribution of Peter Brown, ed. J. Howard-Jahnston, P.A. Hayward, Oxford 1999.
Hibbert A.B., The Origins of the Medieval Town Patriciate, „Past & Present” (Oxford) 1953, No. 3, s. 15–27.
Hill R.M.T., Some Beasts from the Medieval Chronicles of the British Isles, „Folklore” (London) 1955, Vol. 66. No. 1, s. 208–218.
Jakub de Voragine, Złota Legenda (Wybór), tłum J. Pleziowa, oprac. M. Plezia, Warszawa 1955.
Justice S., Did the Middle Ages Believe in Their Miracles?, „Representations” (Oakland) 2008, Vol. 103, No. 1, s.1–29.
Knowles D., The Monastic Order in England, From the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council 940–1216, Cambridge 1966.
La Monte J.L., The Lords of Le Puiset on the Crusades, „Speculum” (Cambridge MA) 1942, Vol. 17, No. 1, s. 100–118.
Le Goff J., Kultura średniowiecznej Europy, tłum. H. Szumańska-Grossowa, Warszawa 1994.
Le Goff J., Sakiewka i życie. Gospodarka i religia w średniowieczu, tłum. H. Zaremska, Gdańsk 1995.
Le Goff J., Średniowiecze i pieniądze, tłum. B. Baran, Warszawa 2011.
Matheus Paris, Matthaei Prisiensis monachi Sancti Albani Chronica Majora, ed. H. Ri-
chards Luard, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores or Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages, London 1874.
Meyvaert P., The Medieval Monastic Claustrum, „Gesta” (Chicago) 1973, Vol. 12, No. ½,
s. 53–59.
Nelson B.N., Religion: The Usurer and the Merchant Prince: Italian Businessmen and the Ecclesiastical Law of Restitution, 1100–1550, „The Journal of Economic History” (Cambridge) 1947, Vol. 7, Supplement: Economic Growth: A Symposium, s. 104–122.
Page Ch., A Catalogue and Bibliography of English Song from its Beginnings to c. 1300, „Royal Musical Association. Research Chronicle” (London) 1976, No. 13, s. 67–83.
Piper A.J., The Monks of Durham and the Study of Scripture [w:] The Culture of Medieval English Monasticism, ed. J.G. Clark, Woodbridge 2007.
Pirenne H., The Stages in the Social History of Capitalism, „The American Historical Review” (Chicago) 1914, Vol. 19, No. 3, s. 494–515.
Rankin J.W., The Hymns of St. Godric, „Publications of the Modern Language Association of America” (New York) 1923, Vol. 38, No. 4, s. 699–711.
Reginald, De vita et miraculis S. Godrici, heremitae de Finchale, auctore Reginaldo Monacho Dunelmensi, ed J. Stevenson, Publications of The Surtees Society, London 1847.
Roger de Wendover, Chronica sive Flores historiarum, ed. H.O. Coxe, Londini 1841.
Rossiaud J., Mieszczanin i życie w mieście [w:] Człowiek średniowiecza, red. J. Le Goff,
tłum. M. Radożycka-Paoletti, Warszawa–Gdańsk 1996.
Salter H.E., William of Newburgh, „The English Historical Review” (Oxford) 1907,
Vol. 22, No. 87, s. 510–511.
Southern R.W., Ranulf Flambard and Early Anglo-Norman Administration (The Alexander Prize Essay), Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (Lodon) 1933, Fourth Series, Vol. 16.
Stevenson J., Libellus de vita et miraculis S. Godrici, heremitae de Finchale, auctore Reginaldo Monacho Dunelmensi, Publications of The Surtees Society, London 1847.
Tudor V.M., St. Godric of Finchale and St. Bartholomew of Farne [w:] Benedict’s Disciples, ed. D.H. Farmer, Leominster 2002.
Tyerman C.J., Were There Any Crusaders in the Twelfth Century?, „The English Historical Review” (Oxford) 1995, Vol. 110, No. 437, s. 553–577.
Vauchez A., Duchowość średniowiecza, tłum. H. Zaremska, Gdańsk 1996.
Vauchez A., Hagiography and Biography. The Case of St. Francis of Assisi [w:] Promoting the Saints. Cults and Theis Contexts from Late Antiquity until Early Modern Period, Essays in Honor of Gábor Klaniczay for His 60th Birthday, ed. O. Gecser,
J. Laszlovszky, B. Nagy, M. Sebők, K. Szende, Budapest–New York 2011.
Vauchez A., Święty [w:] Człowiek średniowiecza, red. J. Le Goff, tłum. M. Rado-
życka-Paoletti, Warszawa–Gdańsk 1996.
Watkins C.S., Sin, Penance and Purgatory in the Anglo-Norman Realm: The Evidence of Visions and Ghost Stories, „Past And Present” (Oxford) 2002, No. 175, s. 3–33.
William of Newburgh, Guilielmi Neubrigensis Historia sive Chronica Rerum Anglicarum libris quinque. E Codice MS. pervetusto, in Bibliotheca praenobilis Domini Dni. Thomae Sebright, baronetti, Uberrimis additionibus locupletata, Longeque emendatius quam antehac edita, Studio atque industria Thomae Hearnii, Qui & praeter Joannis Picardi Annotationes, Suas etiam Notas & Spicilegium Oxonii, e Theatro Sheldoniano, 1719.
William of Newburgh, Historia rerum anglicarum, vol. I, Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I., ed. R. Howlett, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores or Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages, London 1884.
Witkowska A., Kult św. Jacka w średniowiecznym Krakowie [w:] eadem, Sancti Miracula Peregrinationes. Wybór tekstów z lat 1974–2008, Lublin 2009.
Witkowska A., Legenda hagiograficzna i etiologiczna świętych miejsc i obrazów. Refleksja metodologiczna [w:] eadem, Sancti, Miracula, Peregrinationes. Wybór tekstów z lat 1974–2008, Lublin 2009.
Witkowska A., Miracula średniowieczne. Funkcje przekazu ustnego i zapisu literackiego [w:] eadem, Sancti, Miracula Peregrinationes. Wybór tekstów z lat 1974–2008, Lublin 2009.
Wood I.N., The Missionary Life [w:] The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Essays on the Contribution of Peter Brown, ed. J. Howard-Johnston, P.A. Hayward, Oxford 1999.
Informacje: Prace Historyczne, 2015, Numer 142 (1), s. 45 - 60
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Tytuły:
Kupiec, pielgrzym, pustelnik – Godryk z Finchale i jego niezwykła droga do świętości
Kupiec, pielgrzym, pustelnik – Godryk z Finchale i jego niezwykła droga do świętości
Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska, ul. Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków
Publikacja: 06.06.2015
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: Żadna
Udział procentowy autorów:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
PolskiLiczba wyświetleń: 2744
Liczba pobrań: 1368