Czy naprawdę marionetka? Wokół władzy politycznej japońskich cesarzy, 1868–1945
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEWybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTECzy naprawdę marionetka? Wokół władzy politycznej japońskich cesarzy, 1868–1945
Data publikacji: 01.09.2016
Prace Historyczne, 2016, Numer 143 (3), s. 575 - 592
https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.16.028.5225Autorzy
Czy naprawdę marionetka? Wokół władzy politycznej japońskich cesarzy, 1868–1945
Was the emperor really a puppet? About the political power of Japanese emperors, 1868–1945
In historiography, there is an ongoing discussion about the actual range of power of three emperors of the Empire of Japan: Meiji, Taishō and Shōwa (known as Hirohito). The 1889–1945 Constitution formally granted them huge prerogatives. While some historians regard that as fiction, others are ready to treat the three monarchs – and especially Emperor Shōwa – as true dictators. The fragmentary sources suggest that Emperor Meiji had a genuine share in ruling. He served as an arbitrator between the government, the army and the genrō – an unofficial council of “honorable statesmen,” who had the last word. It was possible thanks to the huge personal respect he enjoyed. As a result of his son Emperor Taishō’s illness and dying out of the genrō, the military prerogatives were taken over by the general staffs of the army and navy, formally dependent solely on the ruler. They were counterbalanced by the last living genrō, Prince Saionji, who died in 1940.
Archiwalia
FO 410: Confidential Papers: Japan.
FO 800 Private Collections.
National Archives, London, England.
Źródła drukowane
Awakening Japan. The Diary of a German Doctor, Erwin Baelz, ed. T. Baelz, Bloomington–London 1974.
British Documents on the Origins of the War, vol. II: The Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Franco-British Entente, London 1927.
Emperor Hirohito and His Chief Aide-de-Camp. The Honjō Diary 1933–1936, ed. and trans. M. Hane, Tokyo 1982.
Pamiętniki
[Hayashi T.], The Secret Memoirs of Count Tadasu Hayashi,ed. A.M. Pooley, London 1915.
Monografie, rozprawy, artykuły
AdeneyThomas J., The Unreciprocated Gaze: Emperors and Photography [w:] The Emperors of Modern Japan, ed. B.-A. Shillony, Leiden 2008, s. 185–195.
AkitaG., The Foundations of Constitutional Government in Modern Japan, Cambridge, MA 1967.
AkitaG., The Meiji Constitution in Practice. The First Diet, „Journal of Asian Studies”, November 1962, vol. XXII, no. 1, s. 31–46.
BannoJ., Emperor, Cabinet and Diet in Meiji Politics (1880–1913), „Acta Asiatica” 1990, no. 59, s. 59–76.
BeckmannG.M.,The Making of the Meiji Constitution. The Oligarchs and the Constitutional Development of Japan, 1868–1991, Lawrence 1957.
BerlinN., Constitutional Conflict with the Japanese Imperial Role. Accession, Yasukuni Shrine, and Obligatory Reformation, „University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law” 1998, vol. I, no. 2, s. 383–414.
BixH.P., Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan,New York 2002.
Britain-Japan. Biographical Portraits, vol. I,ed. I. Nish,London 1995.
Britain-Japan. Biographical Portraits, vol. II, ed. I. Nish, Folkestone 1997.
ColegroveR., The Japanese Privy Council, „American Political Science Review”, November 1931, no. 25, s. 589–614.
ConnorsL., The Emperor’s Adviser. Saionji Kimmochi and Pre-War Japanese Politics, Routledge 2011.
Critical Readings on the Emperors of Japan, ed. B.-A. Shillony, Leiden 2012.
CrowleyJ.W., Japan’s Quest for Autonomy. National Security and Foreign Policy, 1935–1938, Princeton, NJ 1966.
Crowley J.W., [recenzja z] D. Bergamini, Japan’s Imperial Conspiracy, „The New York Times Book Review”, 24 October 1971, No. 2, s. 66.
Democracy and Modernity, ed. S.N. Eisenstadt, Leiden 1992.
Emperor Meiji and Emperess Shōken. In Japanese and English, Tokyo 2007.
FujitaniT., Splendid Monarchy. Power and Pageantry in Modern Japan, Berkeley 1989.
Gordon A., Nowożytna historia Japonii. Od czasów Tokugawów do współczesności, tłum. I. Merklejn, Warszawa 2010.
HackettR.F., Yamagata and the Taishō Crisis, 1912–1913 [w:] Studies in Asia, ed. D.S. Brown, Lincoln, NE 1962, s. 21–38.
HaraT., Taisho: An Enigmatic Emperor and His Influential Wife [w:] The Emperors of Modern Japan, ed. B.-A. Shillony, Leiden 2008, s. 227–240.
IkeN., The Triumph of the Peace Party in Japan in 1873, „Journal of Asian Studies”, May 1943, vol. II, no. 3, s. 286–295.
KanrojiO., Hirohito. An Intimate Portrait of Japanese Emperor, Los Angeles 1975.
KeeneD., Emperor of Japan. Meiji and His World, 1852–1912, New York 2002.
LargeS.S., Emperor Hirohito and Shōwa Japan. A Political Biography,London–New York 1992.
LargeS.S., Emperors of the Rising Sun. Three Biographies, Tokyo 1997.
Leaders and Leadership in Japan, ed. I. Neary, London 1996.
ŁuczkoM., Itō Hirobumi i Yamagata Aritomo. Czołowi politycy Japonii okresu Meiji (1868–1912),Warszawa 2006.
MacArthur D., Reminiscences, Annapolis Maryland 2001.
MartinB., Japan and Germany in the Modern World, Oxford 2006.
MasudaT., The Emperor’s Right of Supreme Command as Exercised up to 1930. A Study
Based Especially on Takarabe and Kuratomi Diaries,„Acta Asiatica” 1990, no. 56, s. 77–100.
MatsumotoK., Shōji J., Critiquing Herbert Bix “Hirohito”, „Japan Echo”, December 2002, vol. XXIX, no. 6, s. 64–68.
MayoM., The Korean Crisis of 1873 and Early Meiji Foreign Policy, „Journal of Asian Studies”, August 1972, vol. XXXI, no. 4, s. 795–819.
MortonW.F., Tanaka Giichi, and the Japan’s China Policy, Folkestone 1980.
MosleyL., Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, London 1966.
NicolsonH., King George V. His Life and Reign, London 1952.
NishI., Crown Prince Hirohito in Britain, May 1921 [w:] Britain-Japan. Biographical Portraits, vol. II, ed. I. Nish, Folkestone 1997, s. 205–215.
NishI., Japanese Foreign Policy, 1869–1942. Kasumigaseki to Miyakezaka, London 1977.
NishI., Sir Claude and Lady Ethel MacDonald [w:] Britain-Japan. Biographical Portraits, ed. I. Nish, London 1995, s. 136–145.
NishI., The Leadership of Kato Tomosaburo [w:] Leaders and Leadership in Japan, ed. I. Nish, London 1996, s. 147–153.
OkaY., Five Political Leaders of Modern Japan. Ito Hirobumi, Okuma Shigenobu, Hara Takashi, Inukai Tsuyoshi, Saionji Kimmochi,Tokyo 1986.
OkamotoS., The Japanese Oligarchy and the Russo-Japanese War, New York–London 1970.
OmuraB., Last Genro. Prince Saionji, Japan’s ‘Grand Old Man’, London 2004.
Pałasz-Rutkowska E., Cesarz Meiji. Wizerunek władcy w modernizowanej Japonii, Warszawa 2012.
Pałasz-Rutkowska E., „Młodzi oficerowie” i tzw. Incydent 26 lutego 1936 r., „Przegląd Orientalistyczny” 1988, nr 1 (1945), s. 11–22.
Pałasz-Rutkowska E., „Wyjątkowa” pozycja monarchy Japonii nakreślona przez konstytucję Meiji – studium porównawcze, „Japonica” 1994, nr 2, s. 29–38.
PittauJ., Political Thought in Early Meiji Japan, Cambridge, MA 1967.
Polit J., Admirałowie i marynarka wojenna a japońska polityka zagraniczna w latach 1921–1941, „Okręty Wojenne” 2011, nr 37 (specjalny), s. 67–78.
SeagraveS., Seagrave P., The Yamato Dynasty. The Secret History of Japan’s Imperial Family, New York 2001.
ShillonyB.-A., Revolt in Japan. The Young Officers and the February 25, 1936 Incident, Princeton, NJ 1973.
ShillonyB.-A., The Political Tradition of Japan and its Impact on the Development of Japanese Democracy [w:] Democracy and Modernity, ed. S.N. Eisenstadt, Leiden 1992, s. 103–110.
ShillonyB.-A., Were Emperors Gods? [w:] B.-A. Shillony, The Enigma of the Emperors. Sacred Subservience in Japanese History, Global Oriental 2005, s. 15–38.
Studies in Asia, ed. D.S. Brown, Lincoln, NE 1962.
The Emperors of Modern Japan, ed. B.-A. Shillony, Leiden 2008.
ToriumiY., Was the Emperor Really a Puppet?, „Japan Echo” 1980, vol. VII, no. 2, s. 114–117.
TuckerJ.A., [recenzja pracy: H.P. Bix, Hirohito and Making of Modern Japan, New York 2002], „Japan’s Studies Review” 2003, vol. VII, A Publication of the Southern Japan Seminar and Florida International University, s. 119–123.
YasudaH., The Modern Emperor System as It Took Shape Before and After the Sino Japanese War of 1894–5, „Acta Asiatica” 1990, no. 59, s. 38–58.
YoungA.M., Japan under Taisho tenno, 1912–1926,London 1928.
Informacje: Prace Historyczne, 2016, Numer 143 (3), s. 575 - 592
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Tytuły:
Czy naprawdę marionetka? Wokół władzy politycznej japońskich cesarzy, 1868–1945
Was the emperor really a puppet? About the political power of Japanese emperors, 1868–1945
Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska, ul. Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków
Publikacja: 01.09.2016
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: Żadna
Udział procentowy autorów:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
PolskiLiczba wyświetleń: 2439
Liczba pobrań: 1803