The essence of the debate revolves around the topic concerning the leadership in the People’s Republic of China and its constitutional basis. The paper examines some questions. What is the meaning of the leadership? How has the institution of the leadership in China’s history been created? Why China is so interesting? What are the characteristics of the political system of this state? What is the contemporary political system and the position of the leader? The importance of the leadership conception is presented in the article. The history of Chinese statehood is addressed in the article, as well. The revolution stirred up by Mao Zedong in the 20th century is analyzed as having a significant impact on the issue of leadership in the contemporary China. Then, an evolution of the system currently in force is noticed. Furthermore, the Author attempts to analyze the constitutional basis of the institution of the PRC Chairman. At the end, the Author attempts to characterize the model of governance in China.