Jan Cieciuch

Eudaimonic psychological well-being and identity formation in educational and occupational domains
The main aim of the research was to empirically verify the model of relationships between the three identity dimensions: commitment, in-depth exploration and reconsideration of commitment, as differentiated in the model proposed by Crocetti, Rubini, and Meeus (2008), and the eudaimonic psychological well-being in the model proposed by Ryff (1989). The participants were 504 students and workers aged 17–55. Two separate models were created: one considered identity formation in educational domain, and the other – in occupational domain. Well-being was introduced to the model as an endogenous variable, explained by the three identity dimensions. In the model with educational identity, the identity dimensions explained 28% of well-being variance, and in the model with occupational identity – 17%. The results obtained highlighted the meaning of identity formation on the way to achieve eudaimonic well-being.

The article presents theoretical assumptions and summarizes the results of research on the Circumplex of Identity Formation Modes. The model was created as an attempt to synthesize knowledge on identity formation gathered in the stream of research initiated by James E. Marcia (1966), based on the Erik H. Erikson’s (1959) theory of psychosocial development. In the model: (1) the key concept is the identity formation mode, (2) traditional categories of exploration and commitment have been redefined and used as basic axes to distinguish eight identity formation modes, between which relationships are precisely defined in accordance with the rules of the circumplex model, (3) due to redefinition of exploration and commitment, the model can be used in research on personal identity in various developmental periods, and (4) the place of identity variables in the personality structure has been precisely defined. Circumplex of Identity Formation Modes was introduced to international literature and research on its verification and usefulness was conducted (Cieciuch, Topolewska, 2017; Topolewska, Cieciuch, 2017; Topolewska-Siedzik, Cieciuch, 2018, 2019; Topolewska-Siedzik, Cieciuch, Strus, 2019).

* Praca Ewy Topolewskiej-Siedzik była wsparta przez Międzynarodowy Fundusz Wyszehradzki, nr grantu 21830029.

** Praca Jana Cieciucha została wykonana w ramach grantu 2014/14/M/HS6/00919 z Narodowego Centrum Nauk.

Questionnaire measurement of five personality traits in children and adolescents: A Polish adaptation of the Big Five Questionnaire – Children (BFQ-C)

The article presents the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Big Five Questionnaire – Children (BFQ-C; Barbaranelli, Caprara, Rabasca & Pastorelli, 2003). BFQ-C is a questionnaire measuring five personality traits (energy/extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional instability and intellect/openness) in late childhood and adolescence. Two versions of BFQ-C were used in the study: in the first one children and adolescents describe themselves, and in the second one other informants (parents and teachers) provide information about children and adolescents. The participants in the study were 1,241 children and adolescents (aged from 7 to 15 years), 226 parents, and 475 teachers. The reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. The structural validity was assessed in a set of factor analyses. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using a multitrait–multimethod matrix (five traits and two versions of BFQ-C) and analyzed in structural equation modeling. The external validity was assessed by inspecting the relations between the personality traits measured by BFQ-C and temperamental traits in the model proposed by Oakland, Glutting, and Horton (1996), as well as temperamental traits in the model by Buss and Plomin (Oniszczenko, 1997). Both reliability and all kinds of validity were at acceptable levels, which leads to the conclusion that BFQ-C can be used in scientific research
 

Sprawozdanie z XXIV Ogólnopolskiej  Konferencji Psychologii Rozwojowej  Rozwój autonomii i podmiotowości człowieka w dobie globalizacji, 1–3 czerwca 2015, Warszawa

The factor structure of Michael D. Berzonsky’s Identity Style Inventory. How many styles are measured by ISI3?

The Identity Style Inventory ISI3 developed by Michael D. Berzonsky is currently one of the most widely used measurement instruments in personality research – both in English language and Polish literature. The following paper is the Polish publication presenting the results of the study on the factor structure of identity styles as conceptualized by Berzonsky and operationalized in the ISI3 questionnaire.
The study involved a total of 1995 people belonging to three developmental stages: early adolescence, late adolescence, and early adulthood. By means of confi rmatory factor analysis with parcelling, which has been used in English-language literature, the 3-factor structure of the inventory was confi rmed (similarly as in other countries). However, this paper questions the above method of analysis and proposes that it is necessary to check if the studied constructs are one-dimensional. Verifi cation conducted with the help of exploratory factor analysis and the comparison of alternative models with confi rmatory factor analysis seem to contradict the 3-factor structure. The collected empirical material appears to indicate that the diffuse-avoidant style (measured with the Polish version of the ISI3) in fact consists of two independent dimensions: the avoidant style and the diffuse-careless style.

Value structure in late childhood

Recent years witnessed an increasing number of studies on adolescents’ and children’s values and value structures that were conceptually based on Schwartz’s (1992) theoretical model. Because of difficulties with the application of established questionnaires to research values among younger and younger persons, efforts were made to create instruments that are suited to adolescents’ and children’s cognitive-developmental background. In this study, 389 children who were between 7 and 12 years old completed one of these recently developed instruments: the Polish adaptation of the Picture-Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS-C), Döring (Döring, Blauensteiner, Aryus, Drögekamp, Bilsky, in press). We examined the presence of Schwartz’s circular structure of values with a theory-based (weakly-confi rmatory) multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach. To further explore potential developmental differences, we conducted additional analyses in two age groups: (1) younger children aged 7 to 9 years (N = 207, grades 1–3), and (2) older children aged 10 to 12 years (N = 182; grades 4–6).
Differentiated value structures that were organized in Schwartz’s two basic dimensions (selfenhancement versus self-transcendence, and openness to change versus conservation) emerged in the whole sample and in each of the two age groups. Moreover, we found significant differences in structural complexity between both age groups: as compared to the younger children, the older children’s value structures were more differentiated and closer to the theoretical prototype.

Previous research on shaping the value structure in childhood was based on the classical model by Schwartz (1992) and was conducted by means of the ipsative picture method developed by Döring et al. (2010). The research presented in this article was built on the developmental interpretation of Schwartz’s theory, but used a new method: Animated Best-Worst Survey for Children (ABWS-C) developed by Collins and Lee and used by Collins (2013). This measurement instrument (1) contains indicators of values in the form of several-second animations that are chosen by children as most and least preferable; (2) is based on the refined value model proposed by Schwartz et al. (2012) and (3) overcomes the problems with ipsativity (which emerged in Döring et al.’s method, 2010) by applying the best-worst scaling approach. This article presents the results of a research study on value structure in a group of children aged from 7 to 11, obtained by using the Polish adaptation of the ABWS-C. It turned out that the values from both the classical and the refined catalog form a circular structure with four higher order values and that the order of all values is as predicted by the models (with some exceptions). Finally, the consequences of the research on value structure and the significance of the obtained results are discussed.