Dziedzictwo kultury żydowskiej w Polsce – badania proweniencji muzealiów – specyfika, cele, korzyści, zagrożenia (?)

Magdalena  Tarnowska

Tytuły

Abstrakt

Jewish Cultural Heritage in Poland: Provenance Research – its Nature, Aims, Benefits and Risks (?)

In pre-1939 Poland, there existed the biggest Jewish diaspora in the world (numbered 3.5 million people). It was also the most important centre of Jewish culture. Unfortunately, as a result of the Holocaust, only a small part of the Jewish cultural heritage survived until nowadays. Only about 400 thousand of Jews survived. Despite this fact, in the years 1946–1950 Jewish institutions – the Central Committee of Jews in Poland and The Jewish Society of Promoting of Fine Arts among others – were engaged in gathering and saving objects of Jewish religious art, fine arts and crafts, books, documents and others. They were gathered mostly at the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw and also as museum collections. Unfortunately, the origins of these objects haven’t been sufficiently investigated.

The accession to the European Union obligated the Polish government to adopt the international agreements connected with the Jewish heritage in Poland: Washington Conference 1998, Resolution of the Council of Europe no. 1205, 1999 as well as Vilnius Declaration 2000 and Terezin Declaration 2009. According to those agreements, in the years 2009–2011 the Ministry of Cultural and National Heritage took efforts to prepare museums to lead provenance research, however unsuccessfully.

Nowadays, according to my research, a large number of Polish museums does not carry out any provenance research of objects of unknown origin which may have belong to the Jewish heritage. The main reasons for that are: weak interest in provenance problems and their relation to the Polish and Jewish cultural heritage, too many demands and aims to achieve by museums, luck of funds, fear of restitution, and, last but not least, a weak support of the Ministry of Cultural and National Heritage. Nevertheless, it appears that benefits of the provenance research are more important than the fear of it. First of all, such research contributes to the development of the humanities in Poland, especially art history. Further, it increases trust of Polish and non-Polish citizens in cultural institutions and the government. The fulfillment of the international resolutions mentioned above would improve the image of Poland in the European Union.

In pre-1939 Poland, there existed the biggest Jewish diaspora in the world (numbered 3.5 million people). It was also the most important centre of Jewish culture. Unfortunately, as a result of the Holocaust, only a small part of the Jewish cultural heritage survived until nowadays. Only about 400 thousand of Jews survived. Despite this fact, in the years 1946–1950 Jewish institutions – the Central Committee of Jews in Poland and The Jewish Society of Promoting of Fine Arts among others – were engaged in gathering and saving objects of Jewish religious art, fine arts and crafts, books, documents and others. They were gathered mostly at the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw and also as museum collections. Unfortunately, the origins of these objects haven’t been sufficiently investigated.

The accession to the European Union obligated the Polish government to adopt the international agreements connected with the Jewish heritage in Poland: Washington Conference 1998, Resolution of the Council of Europe no. 1205, 1999 as well as Vilnius Declaration 2000 and Terezin Declaration 2009. According to those agreements, in the years 2009–2011 the Ministry of Cultural and National Heritage took efforts to prepare museums to lead provenance research, however unsuccessfully.

Nowadays, according to my research, a large number of Polish museums does not carry out any provenance research of objects of unknown origin which may have belong to the Jewish heritage. The main reasons for that are: weak interest in provenance problems and their relation to the Polish and Jewish cultural heritage, too many demands and aims to achieve by museums, luck of funds, fear of restitution, and, last but not least, a weak support of the Ministry of Cultural and National Heritage. Nevertheless, it appears that benefits of the provenance research are more important than the fear of it. First of all, such research contributes to the development of the humanities in Poland, especially art history. Further, it increases trust of Polish and non-Polish citizens in cultural institutions and the government. The fulfillment of the international resolutions mentioned above would improve the image of Poland in the European Union.

Słowa kluczowe

proweniencja, rewindykacja dzieł sztuki, mienie ofiar Holocaustu, mienie pożydowskie, straty wojenne

provenance, provenance research, property of victims of the Holocaust, restitution of works of art, restitution of the Jewish property

Bibliografia

Bandurska Z., Kacprzak D. Kosiewski P., Romanowska-Zadrożna M., Steinborn B., Tarnowska M., Badania proweniencyjne muzealiów pod kątem ich ewentualnego pochodzenia z własności żydowskiej, „Muzealnictwo” nr 53, 2012, s. 14–37.

Gruber S., Myers P., Survey of Historic Jewish Monuments in Poland, New York 1995.

Malinowski J., Malarstwo i rzeźba Żydów Polskich w XIX i XX wieku, t. I, Warszawa 2000.

Piechotowie M. i K., Bramy nieba. Bożnice drewniane na ziemiach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej, Warszawa 1996.

Piechotowie M. i K., Bramy nieba. Bożnice murowane na ziemiach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej, Warszawa 1999.

Tarnowska M., Judaika ŻIH – historia powstania, specyfika [w:] G. Czubek, P. Kosiewski (red.), Własność a dobra kultury,Warszawa 2006, s. 97–102.

Tarnowska M., Plastycy żydowscy w Warszawie i Żydowskie Towarzystwo Krzewienia Sztuk Pięknych 1946–1949, „Rocznik MNKi” 2012, t. 27, s. 34–47.

Tarnowska M., Artyści żydowscy w Warszawie 1939–1945, Warszawa 2015.

Żydzi w Polsce. Dzieje i kultura. Leksykon, J. Tomaszewski, A. Żbikowski (red.), Warszawa 2001.

http://kolekcje.mkidn.gov.pl [odczyt: 2.07.2015].

http://nimoz.pl/pl/dzialalnosc/badania-proweniencji [odczyt: 4.07.2015].

Korespondencja autorki niniejszego artykułu z Dyrekcją NIMOZ z IV–V 2015.

Materiały źródłowe

Alston A., referat Odbudowa zrujnowanego świata. Kolekcje malarstwa polskiego w zbiorach żydowskich w międzywojennym Krakowie, wygłoszony podczas konferencji PTSŻ i UJ Żydzi i judaizm we współczesnych badaniach polskich, Kraków 2014.

Archiwum ŻIH, Zespół ŻTKSP, sygn. 361/I-III.

Kacprzak D., Kolekcje i zbiory artystyczne łódzkiej burżuazji wielkoprzemysłowej w latach 1880–1939, maszynopis udostępniony przez autora.

Tarnowska M., korespondencja z placówkami muzealnymi w Polsce z IV–V 2015, zbiory własne.

Informacje

Informacje: Zarządzanie w Kulturze, 2016, Tom 17, Numer 1, s. 67 - 76

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4467/20843976ZK.16.005.4479

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

Dziedzictwo kultury żydowskiej w Polsce – badania proweniencji muzealiów – specyfika, cele, korzyści, zagrożenia (?)

Angielski:

Jewish Cultural Heritage in Poland: Provenance Research – its Nature, Aims, Benefits and Risks (?)

Autorzy

Magdalena Tarnowska

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-2645

Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Dewajtis 5, Warszawa

Publikacja: 11.02.2016

Status artykułu: Otwarte

Licencja: Żadna

Udział procentowy autorów:

Magdalena Tarnowska (Autor) - 100%

Korekty artykułu:

-

Języki publikacji:

Polski

Liczba wyświetleń: 1997

Liczba pobrań: 1338

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