FAQ

The future of long-term care in ten European countries:  Review of policy reports and qualitative study among country experts

Publication date: 29.11.2019

Public Health and Governance, 2019, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp. 146 - 158

https://doi.org/10.4467/20842627OZ.19.016.11973

Authors

,
Lena Praznovszky
Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-2652 Orcid
All publications →
,
Milena Pavlova
Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands / Top Institute Evidence-Based Education Research (TIER), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-8446 Orcid
All publications →
,
Marzena Tambor
Institute of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-6919 Orcid
All publications →
Wim Groot
Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands / Top Institute Evidence-Based Education Research (TIER), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-5916 Orcid
All publications →

Titles

The future of long-term care in ten European countries: Review of policy reports and qualitative study among country experts

Abstract

The provision of good quality long-term care to citizens represents a challenge for many European countries due to tight public budgets and ongoing societal transitions. To gain insights on the future of long-term care in Europe, an explorative study was conducted consisting of a review of policy reports and qualitative study among country experts from Albania, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. For the purpose of the analysis, a conceptual framework was developed. Based on this framework, the method of qualitative directed content analysis was applied to extract and analyze information from the reports and study transcripts. The results suggest four key directions for long-term care development: a) integration, coordination and cooperation across structures and actors for better service quality; b) increased scope and scale of formal service provision; c) improved workforce planning and capacity building; d) use of e-health and information technologies. The exact direction is however dependent on the country-specific guiding principles, governance capacity and funding constraints. To adequately respond to current challenges, policy-makers need to acknowledge the interconnectedness of long-term care issues and approach them from a more holistic perspective.

* Przygotowanie do wydania elektronicznego finansowane w ramach umowy 637/P-DUN/2019 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

References

1. Leichsenring K., Billings J., Nies H., Long-term care in Europe: Improving policy and practice, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK 2013.

2. Huber M., Rodrigues R., Hoffmann F., Gasior K., Marin B., Facts and Figures on Long-term Care. Europe and North America, European Centre, Vienna 2009, https://www.berndmarin. eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2009-Facts-and-Figures- on-Long_Term-Care_Europe-and-North-America_over view.pdf (accessed: 10.08.2019).

3. Deusdad B.A., Pace C., Anttonen A., Facing the challenges in the development of long-term care for older people in Europe in the context of an economic crisis, “Journal of Social Service Research” 2016; 42 (2): 144‒150, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01488376.2015.1133147 (accessed: 10.08.2019).

4. Gori C., Changing long-term care provision at the local level in times of austerity – a qualitative study, “Ageing & Society” 2018; 1‒26, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ ageing-and-society/article/changing-longterm-care-provision-at-the-local-level-in-times-of-austerity-a-qualitativestudy/76B69E558F9ACDBE8067E216A768B20B (accessed:10.08.2019).

5. Brodsky J., Habib J., Hirschfeld M., Key policy issues in long-term care, World Health Organization, Geneva 2003.

6. European Commission, Joint Report on Health Care and Long-Term Care Systems & Fiscal Sustainability, Vol. 2, European Commission, Brussels 2016, https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/8f7a1f6b-b538-11e6-9e3c-01aa75ed71a1/language-en (accessed: 10.08.2019).

7. Kraus M., Riedel M., Mot E., Willemé P., Röhrling G., A Typology of Long-Term Care Systems in Europe, ENEPRI Research Report No. 91, August 2010, https://irihs.ihs.ac.at/id/eprint/3649/1/ENEPRI%20RR%20No%2091%20Typology%20of%20LTC%20%20Systems%20in%20Europe.pdf (accessed: 10.08.2019).

8. Anderson J.E., Public policymaking: Cengage Learning, Stamford, CT 2014.

9. WHO, Everybody’s business-strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes: WHO’s framework for action, 2007, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43918/9789241596077_eng.pdf (accessed: 10.08.2019).

10. Kapllanaj M., Pino S., Haxhiymeri E., Mother employment and the role of care services in Albania, “European Scientific Journal” 2016; 12 (5): 129‒139.

11. Vullnetari J., King R., ‘Does your granny eat grass?’ On mass migration, care drain and the fate of older people in rural Albania, “Global Networks” 2008; 8 (2): 139‒171.

12. Vullnetari J., King R., ‘Washing men’s feet’: Gender, care  and migration in Albania during and after communism, “Gender, Place & Culture” 2016; 23 (2): 198‒215.

13. Hirose K., Czepulis-Rutkowska Z., Challenges in Longterm Care of the Elderly in Central and Eastern Europe, ILO DWT and Country Office for Central and Eastern Europe, Budapest 2016, https://www.ilo.org/budapest/what-wedo/publications/WCMS_532427/lang--en/index.htm (accessed:10.08.2019).

14. Lipsitz L.A., The Elderly People of Post‐Soviet Ukraine: Medical, Social, and Economic Challenges, “Journal of the American Geriatrics Society” 2005; 53 (12): 2216‒2220.

15. Tolstokorova A.V., Gender Implications of Care Migration for the Operation of Care Diamond in Ukraine, “Diversities” 2013; 15 (1): 37‒50.

16. Small B.H., Siewert G.A., Porrazzo J., Evaluating Long- Term Health Care Options for the Elderly in Albania, 2015, https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/iqp-all/3338/ (accessed: 10.08.2019).

17. Barker K.K., Bosco C., Oandasan I.F., Factors in implementing interprofessional education and collaborative practice initiatives: Findings from key informant interviews, “Journal of Interprofessional Care” 2005; 19 (supl.): 166‒176.

18. Christmas C., Kravet S.J., Durso S.C., Wright S.M., Clinical excellence in academia: Perspectives from masterful academic clinicians, Paper presented at the Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2008, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025619611606010 (accessed: 10.08.2019).

19. Kiffin-Petersen S., Murphy S.A., Soutar G., The problemsolving service worker: Appraisal mechanisms and positive affective experiences during customer interactions, “Human Relations” 2012; 65 (9): 1179‒1206.

20. King N., Brooks J.M., Template analysis for business and management students, Sage, London 2016.

21. Pfau-Effinger B., Culture and welfare state policies: Reflections on a complex interrelation, “Journal of Social Policy” 2005; 34 (1): 3‒20.

22. European Commission, Joint Report on Health Care and Long-Term Care Systems & Fiscal Sustainability, Vol. 1, European Commission, Brussels 2016, https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d6042a45-b535-11e6-9e3c-01aa75ed71a1/language-en (accessed: 10.08.2019).

23. Coleman E.A., Falling through the cracks: Challenges and opportunities for improving transitional care for persons with continuous complex care needs, “Journal of the American Geriatrics Society” 2003; 51 (4): 549‒555.

24. Lau J.Y.C., Wong E.L.Y., Chung R.Y., Law S.C., Threapleton D., Kiang N.,..., Yeoh E.K., Collaborate across silos: Perceived barriers to integration of care for the elderly from the perspectives of service providers, “The International Journal of Health Planning and Management” 2018; 33 (3): e768‒e780.

25. Uittenbroek R.J., Kremer H.P., Spoorenberg S.L., Reijneveld S.A., Wynia K., Integrated care for older adults improves perceived quality of care: results of a randomized controlled trial of embrace, “Journal of General Internal Medicine” 2017; 32 (5): 516‒523.

26. Marcotte L., Kirtane J., Lynn J., McKethan A., Integrating health information technology to achieve seamless care transitions, “Journal of Patient Safety” 2015; 11 (4): 185‒190.

27. Da Roit B., Le Bihan B., Similar and yet so different: Cashfor‐ care in six European countries’ long‐term care policies, “The Milbank Quarterly” 2010; 88 (3): 286‒309.

28. Challis D., Chesterman J., Luckett R., Stewart K., Care management in social and primary health care: The Gateshead Community Care Scheme, Routledge, Abingdon, UK 2018.

29. Arentshorst M.E., Kloet R.R., Peine A., Intergenerational Housing: The Case of Humanitas Netherlands, “Journal of Housing For the Elderly” 2019; 33 (3): 244‒256.

30. Tinker A., Ginn J., Ribe E., Assisted living platform: The long term care revolution. A study of innovatory models to support older people with disabilities in the Netherlands, King’s College London, London 2013, https://www.ifa-fiv. org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HLIN-Report-LTC-Revolution. pdf (accessed: 10.08.2019).

31. Chen L., Evans T., Anand S., Boufford J.I., Brown H., Chowdhury M.,..., Elzinga G., Human resources for health: Overcoming the crisis, “The Lancet” 2004; 364 (9449): 1984‒1990.

32. Daly T., Armstrong P., Liminal and invisible long-term care labor: Precarity in the face of austerity, “Journal of Industrial Relations” 2016; 58 (4): 473‒490.

33. Greve B., Long-term care for the elderly in Europe: Development and prospects, Routledge, Abingdon, UK 2016,.

34. Costa‐Font J., Courbage C., Swartz K., Financing longterm care: ex ante, ex post or both? “Health Economics” 2015; 24: 45‒57,  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hec.3152 (accessed: 10.08.2019).

35. Vabo S.I., Actors and governance arrangements in longterm care for older people, in: Y. Kazepov, Rescaling Social Policies towards Multilevel Governance in Europe, Routledge, Abingdon, UK 2017: 343‒363.

36. Barlow J., Roehrich J., Wright S., Europe sees mixed results from public-private partnerships for building and managing health care facilities and services, “Health Affairs” 2013; 32 (1): 146‒154.

37. Costa-Font J., Courbage C., Long-Term Care Insurance: Partnership or Crowding Out?, in: J. Costa-Font, C. Courbage, Financing Long-Term Care in Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2012: 91‒100.

38. Hussein S., Manthorpe J., An international review of the long-term care workforce: Policies and shortages, “Journal of Aging & Social Policy” 2005; 17 (4): 75‒94.

39. Aiken L.H., Sloane D.M., Bruyneel L., Van den Heede K., Sermeus W., Consortium, R. c., Nurses’ reports of working conditions and hospital quality of care in 12 countries in Europe, “International Journal of Nursing Studies” 2013; 50 (2): 143‒153.

40. Hollinger-Smith L., Ortigara A., Changing culture: Creating a long-term impact for a quality long-term care workforce,  “Alzheimer’s Care Today” 2004; 5 (1): 60‒70.

41. Jecker N.S., Chin J.J.L., Justice and global care chains: Lessons from Singapore, “Developing World Bioethics” 2018; 19 (3): 155‒168.

42. Georgiou A., Marks A., Braithwaite J., Westbrook J.I., Gaps, disconnections, and discontinuities ‒ the role of information exchange in the delivery of quality long-term care, “The Gerontologist” 2012; 53 (5): 770‒779.

43. van der Haak C.S., Mileski M., Alaytsev V., Carol E., Williams A., Adoption factors associated with electronic health record among long-term care facilities: A systematic review, “BMJ Open” 2015; 5 (1): e006615.

44. Čaić M., Odekerken-Schröder G., Mahr D., Service robots: Value co-creation and co-destruction in elderly care networks, “Journal of Service Management” 2018; 29 (2): 178‒205.

45. van der Haak M., Wolff A.C., Brandner R., Drings P., Wannenmacher M., Wetter T., Data security and protection in cross-institutional electronic patient records, “International Journal of Medical Informatics” 2003; 70 (2‒3): 117‒130.

46. Fernandez S., Rainey H.G., Managing successful organizational change in the public sector, in: R.F. Durant, J.R.S. Durant, Debating Public Administration, Routledge, Abingdon, UK 2017: 7‒26.

Information

Information: Public Health and Governance, 2019, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp. 146 - 158

Article type: Original article

Titles:

Polish:

The future of long-term care in ten European countries: Review of policy reports and qualitative study among country experts

English:

The future of long-term care in ten European countries:  Review of policy reports and qualitative study among country experts

Authors

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-2652

Lena Praznovszky
Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-2652 Orcid
All publications →

Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-8446

Milena Pavlova
Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands / Top Institute Evidence-Based Education Research (TIER), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-8446 Orcid
All publications →

Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands / Top Institute Evidence-Based Education Research (TIER), Maastricht University, The Netherlands

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-6919

Marzena Tambor
Institute of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-6919 Orcid
All publications →

Institute of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-5916

Wim Groot
Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands / Top Institute Evidence-Based Education Research (TIER), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-5916 Orcid
All publications →

Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands / Top Institute Evidence-Based Education Research (TIER), Maastricht University, The Netherlands

Published at: 29.11.2019

Article status: Open

Licence: CC BY-NC-ND  licence icon

Percentage share of authors:

Lena Praznovszky (Author) - 25%
Milena Pavlova (Author) - 25%
Marzena Tambor (Author) - 25%
Wim Groot (Author) - 25%

Article corrections:

-

Publication languages:

English