FAQ
logo of Jagiellonian University in Krakow

Pandemia COVID-19 w doświadczeniu osób w okresie późnej dorosłości

Publication date: 2021

Developmental Psychology, 2021, Volume 26 Issue 2, pp. 59 - 77

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843879PR.21.012.15135

Authors

,
Emilia Ilnicka
Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University
All publications →
,
Dominika Kasprzyk
Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University
All publications →
,
Agata Ogórek
Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University
All publications →
,
Agnieszka Sternak
Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-5717 Orcid
All publications →
Anna Cierpka
Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2846-3413 Orcid
All publications →

Titles

Pandemia COVID-19 w doświadczeniu osób w okresie późnej dorosłości

Abstract

The COVID-19 Pandemic in the Experience of People in Late Adulthood

The article presents a qualitative study on the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic among people aged 60+, carried out in its initial stage, in Poland. Three individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted in May 2020, in order to explore how the pandemic is perceived in a cognitive, emotional and social context, and how it refers to study participants’ past experiences. Purposive sampling was used, taking into account criteria of the specific situation of people aged 60+: belonging to the group at increased risk of serious consequences of the disease and being subject to special preventive interventions. Based on the thematic analysis of the data corpus, six issues were identified: information about the coronavirus, changes in the current life, emotional and cognitive attitudes, references to the past, coping strategies and predictions. There was a large variation observed in the way of thinking about the reported events, experienced emotions and visions of the future. The pandemic phenomenon was presented on many levels, being evaluated as a difficult but perhaps valuable experience.

References

Download references
Bartosz B., Żurko M. (2018), Etyczne aspekty badań jakościowych. Wystąpienie w ramach VII Konferencji Psychologii Narracyjnej, Kazimierz nad Wisłą, 27–29 września 2018.
Buszman K., Przybyła-Basista H. (2019), Polska adaptacja wielowymiarowej skali spostrzeganego wsparcia społecznego. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 22, 4, 581–599. doi: 10.14656/PFP20170404
https://doi.org/10.14656/PFP20170404
Bulska J. (2017), Znaczenie systemów społecznych wspierających zdrowie i samopoczucie współczesnego człowieka. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej, seria 112, nr 1990, 61–70.
Braun V., Clarke V. (2006), Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 2, 77–101.
Brooke J., Clark M. (2020), Older people’s early experience of household isolation and social distancing during COVID‐19. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 21–22, 4387–4402.
Brooks S.K., Webster R.K., Smith L.E., Woodland L., Wessely S., Greenberg N., Rubin G.J. (2020), The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395, 10227, 912–920.
Cao J., Wei J., Zhu H., Duan Y., Geng W., Hong X., Jiang J., Zhao X., Zhu B. (2020), A study of basic needs and psychological wellbeing of medical workers in the fever clinic of a tertiary general hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1. 
Chen Q., Liang M., Li Y., Guo J., Fei D., Wang L., He L., Sheng C., Cai Y., Li X., Wang J., Wang J. (2020),  Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16.
Dawood F.S., Iuliano A.D., Reed C., Meltzer M.I., Shay D.K., Cheng P.Y., Bandaranayake D., Breiman F.B, Brooks W. A., Buchy P., Feikin D.R., Fowler K. B., Gordon A., Hien N.T., Horby P., Huang S., Katz M.A., Krishnan A., Lal R., Montgomery J.M., Mølbak K., Pebody R., Presanis A.M., Razuri H., Steens A., Tinoco Y.O., Wallinga J., Yu H., Vong S., Bresee J., Widdowson M.A. (2012), Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus circulation: a modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12(9), 687–695.
Diener E., Seligman M. E. (2002), Very happy people. Psychological science, 13 (1), 81–84.
Dragan M., Skrodzka M., Grajewski P. (2020), Stresory, radzenie sobie oraz symptomy zaburzenia adaptacyjnego w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Raport z badań. Warszawa: Wydział Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Drozdowski R., Frąckowiak M., Krajewski M., Kubacka M., Luczys P., Modrzyk A., Rogowski Ł., Rura P., Stamm A., (2020), Skrócona wersja raportu z drugiego etapu badań „Życie codzienne w czasach pandemii”. Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, Wydział Socjologii.
Duan L., Zhu G. (2020), Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (4), 300–302.
Erikson J. (2012), Dopełniony cykl życia, tłum. A. Gomola. Gliwice: Helion.
Espinosa M. (2009), Epidemic invasions: yellow fever and the limits of Cuban independence, 1878–1930. University of Chicago Press.
Gambin M., Sękowski M., Woźniak-Prus M., Wnuk A., Oleksy T., Cudo A., Hansen K., Huflejt-Łukasik M., Kubicka K., Łyś A. E., Gorgol J., Holas P., Kmita G., Łojek E., Maison D. (2021), Generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms in various age groups during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland. Specific predictors and differences in symptoms severity. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 105, 152222.
Giesler L. (2020), Older adults and perceived competence: a qualitative study on the experiences of competence throughout the lifespan and in times of the COVID-19 Pandemic (Master’s thesis, University of Twente).
Hachmeister J. (2020), A qualitative analysis of how older adults experience that their need for autonomy has changed throughout their life and during COVID-19 pandemic (Master’s thesis, University of Twente). 
Havighurst R.J. (1953), Human development and education. Longmans, Green.
Heitzman J. (2020), Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na zdrowie psychiczne. Psychiatria Polska, 54, 2.
Huang Y., Zhao N. (2020), Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research, 288, 112954.
Ibrahim S.M.E., Mahmoud M.A.M. (2020), Relationship Between Knowledge, Preventive Practices and Fear from COVID-19 among Middle Aged and Older Adults: During the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak. American Journal of Nursing Science, 9 (5), 338.
Ioannidis J.P., Axfors C., Contopoulos-Ioannidis D.G. (2020), Population-level COVID-19 mortality risk for non-elderly individuals overall and for non-elderly individuals without underlying diseases in pandemic epicenters. Environmental Research, 188, 109890.
Jagielska K. (2020), Postawy osób starszych wobec starości. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J–Paedagogia-Psychologia, 33 (1), 165–175.
Knopp K.A. (2012), Czy kobiety naprawdę są bardziej inteligentne emocjonalnie niż mężczyźni? O różnicach międzypłciowych w zakresie zdolności emocjonalnych. Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio, 4, 95–112.
Levinson D.J. (1986), A conception of adult development. American Psychologist, 41 (1), 3.
Lewis E.T., Harrison R., Hanly L., Psirides A., Zammit A., McFarland K., Dawson A., Hillman K., Barr M., Cardona M. (2019), End‐of‐life priorities of older adults with terminal illness and caregivers: A qualitative consultation. Health Expectations, 22 (3), 405–414.
Lotzin A., Acquarini E., Ajdukovic D., Ardino V., Böttche M., Bondjers K., BragesjöM., Dragan M., Grajewski P., Figueiredo-Braga M., Gelezelyte O., Javakhishvili J. D., Kazlauskas E., Knefel M., Lueger-Schuster B., Makhashvili N., Mooren T., Sales L., Stevanovic A., Schäfer I. (2020), Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic–study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11 (1), 1780832.
Olender-Jermacz B. (2020), Doświadczanie przez rodzinę wsparcia społecznego podczas izolacji domowej spowodowanej chorobąCOVID-19. Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio, 42 (2), 206–213.
Oleś P. (2011). Psychologia człowieka dorosłego: Ciągłość – zmiana – integracja. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Pikuła N.G. (2016), Poczucie sensu życia osób starszych. Inspiracje do edukacji w starości. Oficyna Wydawnicza Impuls.
Pisula E., Pankowski D., Nowakowska I., Banasiak A., Wytrychiewicz-Pankowska K., Markiewicz M., Jórczak A. (2020), Nauczyciele w sytuacji powrotu do szkół w czasie pandemii SARS-CoV-2. Raport z badań przeprowadzonych od 10 września do 10 października 2020. Open Science Framework. doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/6ZN
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6ZN
Pożarska-Zarzecka M., Oleś P. (2019), Dobrostan psychologiczny, postawy egzystencjalne i bilans życia w wieku starszym. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 24 (4), 57–70. doi: 10.4467/20843879PR.19.022.11728
https://doi.org/10.4467/20843879PR.19.022.11728
Rafa G., Czyżowska D. (2020). Kontrola zdrowia a wsparcie społeczne i satysfakcja z życia w okresie późnej dorosłości. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 25 (2), 87–106. doi: 10.4467/20843879PR.20.014.12269
https://doi.org/10.4467/20843879PR.20.014.12269
Reznik A., Gritsenko V., Konstantinov V., Khamenka N., Isralowitz R. (2020), COVID-19 fear in Eastern Europe: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1.
Rosenthal N., Cao Z., Gundrum J., Sianis J., Safo S. (2020), Risk Factors Associated With In-Hospital Mortality in a US National Sample of Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Network Open, 3 (12), e2029058. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29058
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29058
Roy J., Jain R., Golamari R., Vunnam R., Sahu N. (2020), COVID‐19 in the geriatric population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 35 (12), 1437–1441.
Rüdiger S., Plietzsch A., Sagués F., Sokolov I. M., Kurths J. (2020), Epidemics with mutating infectivity on small-world networks. Scientific Reports, 10 (1), 1–11.
Saliba A., Ostojic P. (2014), Personality and participation: who volunteers to participate in studies. Psychology, 5, 230–243. doi: 10.4236/psych.2014.53034.
https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.53034.
Santini Z.I., Jose P.E., Cornwell E.Y., Koyanagi A., Nielsen L., Hinrichsen C., Meilstrup C., Madsen L., Koushede V. (2020), Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): a longitudinal mediation analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 5 (1), e62-e70. doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30230-0.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30230-0.
Saracci R. (2010), Introducing the history of epidemiology. W: J. Olsen, R. Saracci, D. Trichopoulos (red.), Teaching Epidemiology: A Guide for teachers in epidemiology, public health and clinical medicine, 1, 3–29. Oxford University Press.
Sękowski M., Gambin M., Hansen K., Holas P., Hyniewska S., Pluta A., Sobańska M., Łojek E. (2020), Risk of Developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in COVID-19 Survivors: What Should Mental Health Specialists Prepare For?. 10.31234/osf.io/bnkve.
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bnkve.
Solar O., Irwin A. (2010), A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health. WHO Document Production Services.
Staudinger U.M., Smith J., Baltes P.B. (1992), Wisdom-related knowledge in a life review task: age differences and the role of professional specialization. Psychology and Aging, 7 (2), 271.
Sternberg R.J., Glück J. (Eds) (2019), The Cambridge Handbook of Wisdom. Cambridge University Press. 
Straś-Romanowska M. (1992), Los człowieka jako problem psychologiczny: podstawy teoretyczne. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
Straś-Romanowska M. (2016), Podmiot osobowy w świecie współczesnym. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 21 (2), 15–25. doi: 10.4467/20843879PR.16.007.5085.
https://doi.org/10.4467/20843879PR.16.007.5085.
Straś-Romanowska M. (2000), Paradoksy rozwoju człowieka w drugiej połowie życia a psychoprofilaktyka starości. W: B. Kaja (red.), Wspomaganie rozwoju. Psychostymulacja i psychokorekcja, 44–55. Bydgoszcz: Wyd. Uczelniane WSP.
Szarota Z. (2010). Starzenie się i starość: w wymiarze instytucjonalnego wsparcia na przykładzie Krakowa. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego.
Tong A., Sainsbury P., Craig J. (2007), Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19 (6), 349–357. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
Trempała J. (2011). Psychologia rozwoju człowieka. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Qiu J., Shen B., Zhao M., Wang Z., Xie B., Xu Y. (2020), A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33, 2.
Verity R., Okell L.C., Dorigatti I., Winskill P., Whittaker C., Imai N., Cuomo-Danneburg G., Thompson H., Walker P.G.T., Fu H., Dighe A., Griffin J.T., Baguelin M., Bhatia S., Boonyasiri A., Cori A., Cucunubá Z., FitzJohn R., Gaythorpe K., Green W., Hamlet A., Hinsley W., Laydon D., Nedjati-Gilani G., Riley S., van Elsland S., Volz E., Wand H., Xi X., Donnely C.A., Ghani A., Ferguson N.M. (2020), Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20 (6), 669–677.
von Humboldt S., Mendoza-Ruvalcaba N.M., Arias-Merino E.D., Costa A., Cabras E., Low G., Leal I. (2020), Smart technology and the meaning in life of older adults during the Covid-19 public health emergency period: a cross-cultural qualitative study. International Review of Psychiatry, 1–10.
van Tilburg T.G., Steinmetz S., Stolte E., van der Roest H., de Vries D.H. (2020), Loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study among Dutch older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B.
Willig C. (2008). Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology: Adventures in Theory and Method. Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Witkowski L. (2019). Versus. O dwoistości strukturalnej faz rozwoju w ekologii cyklu życia psychodynamicznego modelu Erika H. Eriksona. Kraków: Oficyna Wydawnicza Impuls.
Yang Y., Li W., Zhang Q., Zhang L., Cheung T., Xiang Y.T. (2020), Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (4), e19.
Zajenkowski M., Jonason P.K., Leniarska M., Kozakiewicz Z. (2020), Who complies with the restrictions to reduce the spread of COVID-19?: Personality and perceptions of the COVID-19 situation. Personality and Individual Differences, 166, 110199.
Zagórska W., Majewska M. (2019), Rozpoznawanie podmiotowych znaczeń. Analiza hermeneutyczna autonarracji osób w późnej dorosłości z zastosowaniem oryginalnej metody interpretacji treści. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 24(2), 43–60. doi: 10.4467/20843879PR.19.009.10892
https://doi.org/10.4467/20843879PR.19.009.10892
Źródła internetowe:
MZ: w nocy potwierdzono pierwszy przypadek koronawirusa w Polsce | Polska Agencja Prasowa SA (pap.pl)
http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---20-april-2021

Information

Information: Developmental Psychology, 2021, Volume 26 Issue 2, pp. 59 - 77

Article type: Original article

Titles:

Polish:

Pandemia COVID-19 w doświadczeniu osób w okresie późnej dorosłości

English:

The COVID-19 Pandemic in the Experience of People in Late Adulthood

Authors

Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University

Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University

Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-5717

Agnieszka Sternak
Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-5717 Orcid
All publications →

Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2846-3413

Anna Cierpka
Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2846-3413 Orcid
All publications →

Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University

Published at: 2021

Article status: Open

Licence: CC BY-NC-ND  licence icon

Percentage share of authors:

Emilia Ilnicka (Author) - 20%
Dominika Kasprzyk (Author) - 20%
Agata Ogórek (Author) - 20%
Agnieszka Sternak (Author) - 20%
Anna Cierpka (Author) - 20%

Article corrections:

-

Publication languages:

Polish