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Steller’s Sea Cow – Benedykt Dybowski’s Little-known Contributions to European Zoological Museography

Quarterly Journal of the History of Science and Technology, 2024, Volume 69, Issue 1, pp. 67 - 76

https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589XKHNT.24.002.19534

Authors

,
Piotr Daszkiewicz
PatriNat (OFB-Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, IRD) Paris
, France
Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences
ul. Nowy Świat 72, 00-330 Warszawa, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-100X Orcid
All publications →
,
Marcin Jan Kamiński
Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-0614 Orcid
All publications →
Dariusz Iwan
Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-7916 Orcid
All publications →

Titles

Steller’s Sea Cow – Benedykt Dybowski’s Little-known Contributions to European Zoological Museography

Abstract

The article presents the contributions of Benedykt Dybowski to the natural history of Steller’s sea cow – a marine mammal species, that had become extinct in the 18th c. Dybowski’s impact is highlighted in his iconic discoveries concerning the biology of this species. Namely, he revealed and described the sexual dimorphism of the Steller’s sea cow and was the first to propose the climatic hypothesis concerning its extinction. Furthermore, Dybowski sent the largest number of skulls and bones representing this species to European museums in the 19th c. Today, these artifacts are deposited in seven museums in five countries (England, Ukraine, Poland, Austria, and Monaco). Unfortunately, specimens sent to Polish scientific institutions were looted or destroyed during both world wars. Sources examined in the present paper picture Dybowski as a prominent zoologist who worked within an international network of other outstanding specialists of that time – especially Władysław Taczanowski of the Warsaw Zoological Cabinet. The documents analyzed here shed new light on the work of naturalists and museum workers, revealing behind-the-scenes complexities of purchasing scarce and valuable zoological specimens.

References

Download references
Archival sources

Archiwum Muzeum i Instytutu Zoologii PAN w Warszawie, AMiIZ PAN (Archives of the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw), Spuścizna po prof. Macieju Mroczkowskim, sygn. 83, Początki pracy naukowej (1948–1952).

Printed sources

Dybowski B., Notice sur la différence sexuelle entre les crânes de la Rhytina stelleri, “Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London” 1883, p. 72–73.

Dybowski B., Katalog wystawy etnograficznej Kamczatki i Wysp Komandorskich, Lwów 1885.

Dybowski B., Wyspy Komandorskie, Lwów 1885.

Nusbaum-Hilarowicz J., Zoologia dla klas wyższych szkół średnich, Lwów 1917.

Kowalska K., Mroczkowska A., Zielińska B., Władysław Taczanowski. Listy do Antoniego Wagi, Konstantego Branickiego i Benedykta Dybowskiego, Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków 1964 (Memorabilia Zoologica, vol. 12).

Retzius A.J., Anmärkningar vid Genus Trichechi, “Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens nya handlingar” 1794, vol. 2, no 15, p. 286–300.

Stejneger L., Contributions to the History of the Commander Islands, “Proceedings of United States National Museum” 1883, vol. 6, p. 58–89.

Steller G.W., Beschreibung von dem Lande Kamtschatka dessen Einwohnern, deren Sitten, Nahmen, Lebensart und verschiedenen Gewohnheiten, Frankfurt, Leipzig 1774.

Steller G.W., De Bestiis Marinis, “Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae” 1749, vol. 2, p. 289–398.

Zimmermann E.A.W., Geographische Geschichte des Menschen, und der vierfuessigen Thiere, [in:] Enthält ein vollständiges Verzeichniß aller bekannten Quadrupeden, vol. 2, Leipzig 1780, p. 1–432.

Critical literature

Daszkiewicz P., Iwan D., Removal of Warsaw Zoological Collections in 1915 – Evacuation or Unpunished Theft?, “Rocznik Muzeum Górnośląskiego w Bytomiu” 2020, vol. 26, p. 1–10.

Daszkiewicz P., Iwan D., Kowalski H., Mierzwa-Szymkowiak D., Zaborowski R., Zygmunt Fedorowicz, Stanisław Feliksiak. 150-lecie Gabinetu Zoologicznego w Warszawie (1818–1968), Warszawa 2018 (Memorabilia Zoologica, new series, vol. 1).

Junkiewicz M., Starania Kazimierza Sembrata i Akademii Umiejętności o restytucję polskich kolekcji przyrodniczych ze Lwowa, “Zeszyty Historyczne” 2008, vol. 163 (542), p. 128–137.

Mattioli S., Domning D.P., An Annotated List of Extant Skeletal Material of Steller’s Sea Cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) (Sirenia: Dugongidae) from the Commander Islands, “Aquatic Mammals” 2006, vol. 32, no 3, p. 273–288, DOI 10.1578/am.32.3.2006.273.

Melville R.V., Opinion 1320. Hydrodamalis Retzius, 1794 and Manatus inunguis Natterer in Pelzeln, 1883 (Mammalia, Sirenia): Conserved, “The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature” 1985, vol. 42, no 2, p. 175–176.

Sharko F.S., Boulygina E.S., Tsygankova S.V., Slobodova N.V., Alekseev D.A., Krasivskaya A.A., Rastorguev S.M., Tikhonov A.N., Nedoluzhko A.V., Steller’s Sea Cow Genome Suggests this Species Began Going Extinct Before the Arrival of Paleolithic Humans, “Nature Communications” 2021, vol. 12, no 2215, DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-22567-5.

Websites

Benedykt Dybowskiwww.etnomuzeum.eu/syberia/darczynca/benedykt-dybowski  [accessed 30.06.2023].

Internationale Georg-Wilhelm-Steller-Gesellschaft Halle e. Vwww.steller-gesellschaft.de  [accessed 30.06.2023].

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclaturewww.iczn.org [accessed 30.06.2023].

Information

Information: Quarterly Journal of the History of Science and Technology, 2024, Volume 69, Issue 1, pp. 67 - 76

Article type: Original article

Titles:

English:

Steller’s Sea Cow – Benedykt Dybowski’s Little-known Contributions to European Zoological Museography

Authors

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-100X

Piotr Daszkiewicz
PatriNat (OFB-Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, IRD) Paris
, France
Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences
ul. Nowy Świat 72, 00-330 Warszawa, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-100X Orcid
All publications →

PatriNat (OFB-Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, IRD) Paris
France

Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences
ul. Nowy Świat 72, 00-330 Warszawa, Poland

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-0614

Marcin Jan Kamiński
Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-0614 Orcid
All publications →

Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
Poland

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-7916

Dariusz Iwan
Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-7916 Orcid
All publications →

Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
Poland

Article status: Open

Licence: CC BY-NC-ND  licence icon

Percentage share of authors:

Piotr Daszkiewicz (Author) - 33.33%
Marcin Jan Kamiński (Author) - 33.33%
Dariusz Iwan (Author) - 33.33%

Article corrections:

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Publication languages:

English