Jakub Bodaszewski

The goal of the article is to describe the activities of the initially legal, and later illegal, National-Radical Camp (ONR) in Krakow and its region in the years 1934–1939. The main period of activity for this organisation in Krakow itself and the Krakow region was in 1934 and, after its breakup, as the Falanga National-Radical Camp in the years 1937–1939. Groups also existed in Tarnow, Nowy Targ and Zakopane. Numerous splits, its illegal structures, lack of funds for activities, arrests and invigilation of its ranks by police informers did not help the development of the party. The name of the organisation changed a few times, but it remained subordinate to the leaders of the Falanga National-Radical Camp in Warsaw. The small number of active members did not prevent it from penetrating various political, economic and cultural environments with the objective of obtaining new members or necessary funds. All the activities of ONR in Krakow were, however, more of a hooligan than a revolutionary nature. It did not play a significant role in the political scene in Krakow after the end of the 1930s.

The village of Chlebna is a very interesting example of lack of any changes whatsoever in the social and economic system in Galicia, the region which at the end of the 18th century remained under Austrian rule. Thanks to a multitude of preserved archive materials, it has been possible to reconstruct both the sequence of owners of the village in the mentioned period, economic issues and the situation of the residents in the system of private serfdom villages. The paper presents the occupational structure and spatial arrangement of the place. It also discusses the influence of the area and the water network on the economy of Chlebna. The comparison of the condition in 1773 and in 1785–1789 does not show any signs of improvement in the economic situation. The article is also interesting for genealogists. It is, however, but a small fragment of the history of a small Galician village.