Andrzej Cieślik

The aim of the paper is to study empirically the determinants of the activity of multinational OECD enterprises in Poland in the period 1990–2015 using the negative binomial model without and with accounting for individual fixed and random effects for particular home countries. The research is conducted with reference to the so-called new theory of the multinational enterprise (NTME) that allows to derive a number of empirically testable hypotheses and distinguish between horizontal and vertical motives for undertaking foreign direct investment (FDI). The assembled empirical evidence shows that Poland attracts both horizontal and vertical investment motivated by host country market access and cost reduction motives, respectively. In addition, empirical evidence shows that multinational enterprises from the EU are more involved in production activity in Poland compared to investors from other OECD countries.

The aim of this article is to verify empirically the hypothesis concerning the importance of innovations for firm involvement in export activities using firm-level data for Poland and the probit model. In this article, we examine whether it is possible to confirm the predictions of the Melitz [2003] model with respect to the occurrence of a positive relationship between firm productivity and the likelihood of exporting, taking into account the research and development activity of firms and other firm characteristics that may be important for their export activity. The selection of explanatory variables such as firm size, the use of human capital, spending onR&Dand firm internationalization measured by the share of foreign capital and the use of foreign licenses is consistent with other empirical studies based on firm-level data. We also try to analyse the importance of different forms of innovation for the export activity. Our empirical results clearly confirm the role of R&D spending, while the results obtained for various forms of innovations are less clear-cut.