„Orator – rhetor – rhetorista” w ujęciu Johanna Mochingera. Edycja i przekład trzech rozdziałów poświęconych mówcy, teoretykowi i adeptowi/krytykowi sztuki wymowy w Orator atque rhetorista

Bartosz  Awianowicz

Tytuły

„Orator – rhetor – rhetorista” w ujęciu Johanna Mochingera. Edycja i przekład trzech rozdziałów poświęconych mówcy, teoretykowi i adeptowi/krytykowi sztuki wymowy w Orator atque rhetorista

Abstrakt

Orator—rhetor—rhetorista According to Johann Mochinger. An Edition and Translation of Three Chapters Dedicated to a Public Speaker, Theorist and Student/Critic of the Art of Eloquence in Orator atque rhetorista

Johann Mochinger (1603—1652), professor of rhetoric at the Academic Gymnasium in Gdańsk (1630—1652), was one of the most interesting teachers and theorists of rhetoric in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the fi rst half of the seventeenth century. While during the Thirty Years’ War the Protestant teaching of rhetoric was often involved in religious disputations and controversies, Mochinger, though he was at the same time a preacher at the Lutheran Church of St. Catherine, plainly quoted many Jesuit treatises appreciating them as valuable sources of rhetoric theory both in his printed treatise, Floridorum e dissertationibus rhetoricis super Cicerone sylva (Gdańsk 1640) and Orator atque rhetorista (Gdańsk 1641), and in his manuscript lectures.

The aim of the paper is to present three chapters of Orator atque rhetorista by the Mochinger, the most important of his rhetoric works, in the Latin original and my Polish translation. All these chapters, dedicated to the terms related to orator (public speaker), rhetor (theorist/teacher of rhetoric) and rhetorista (advanced student and critic of the art of eloquence), well exemplify Mochinger’s sources: Cicero’s De oratore, Noctes Atticae by Aulus Gellius, Dialogus de oratoribus by Tacitus, Plutarch’s De garrulitate and Vitae decem oratorum attributed to him, as well as commentaries by Petrus Mosellanus, the oration Ad studiosos eloquentiae in Academia Wittebergensi by the Lutheran Adam Theodor Siber, and Theatrum veterum rhetorum by the Jesuit Louis de Cressolles, De eloquentia sacra et humana by another Jesuit, Nicolas Caussin, and Prolusiones academicae by Famiano Strada. However, the new meaning of the word rhetorista and the broad application of it in his work are Mochinger’s original invention. Not only did he devote a significant part of his treatise to define the term and to describe the duties of a rhetorista, but he also willingly used it in his later works, e.g. in Eloquentiae cupidissimos rhetoristas ad acroases oratorias frequenter iterum obeundas, quae (quod optimum maximum Numen iubeat!) auspicato rursus inchoabuntur, posteaquam quidem, solito in Acroaterio Minori Lycei nostri, die Martii I. hora sueta IXa, de librorum Tullianorum quam maxime utiliter evolvendorum ratione multo commodissima, quasi in antecessum … vocoque invitoque… (Gdańsk 1646).

Johann Mochinger (1603—1652), professor of rhetoric at the Academic Gymnasium in Gdańsk (1630—1652), was one of the most interesting teachers and theorists of rhetoric in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the fi rst half of the seventeenth century. While during the Thirty Years’ War the Protestant teaching of rhetoric was often involved in religious disputations and controversies, Mochinger, though he was at the same time a preacher at the Lutheran Church of St. Catherine, plainly quoted many Jesuit treatises appreciating them as valuable sources of rhetoric theory both in his printed treatise, Floridorum e dissertationibus rhetoricis super Cicerone sylva (Gdańsk 1640) and Orator atque rhetorista (Gdańsk 1641), and in his manuscript lectures.

The aim of the paper is to present three chapters of Orator atque rhetorista by the Mochinger, the most important of his rhetoric works, in the Latin original and my Polish translation. All these chapters, dedicated to the terms related to orator (public speaker), rhetor (theorist/teacher of rhetoric) and rhetorista (advanced student and critic of the art of eloquence), well exemplify Mochinger’s sources: Cicero’s De oratore, Noctes Atticae by Aulus Gellius, Dialogus de oratoribus by Tacitus, Plutarch’s De garrulitate and Vitae decem oratorum attributed to him, as well as commentaries by Petrus Mosellanus, the oration Ad studiosos eloquentiae in Academia Wittebergensi by the Lutheran Adam Theodor Siber, and Theatrum veterum rhetorum by the Jesuit Louis de Cressolles, De eloquentia sacra et humana by another Jesuit, Nicolas Caussin, and Prolusiones academicae by Famiano Strada. However, the new meaning of the word rhetorista and the broad application of it in his work are Mochinger’s original invention. Not only did he devote a significant part of his treatise to define the term and to describe the duties of a rhetorista, but he also willingly used it in his later works, e.g. in Eloquentiae cupidissimos rhetoristas ad acroases oratorias frequenter iterum obeundas, quae (quod optimum maximum Numen iubeat!) auspicato rursus inchoabuntur, posteaquam quidem, solito in Acroaterio Minori Lycei nostri, die Martii I. hora sueta IXa, de librorum Tullianorum quam maxime utiliter evolvendorum ratione multo commodissima, quasi in antecessum … vocoque invitoque… (Gdańsk 1646).

Słowa kluczowe

: Johann Mochinger, early modern rhetoric, rhetoric Latin terms, rhetoric manuals

Bibliografia

Źródła

Caussin N., De eloquentia sacra et humana libri XVI. Editio tertia, non ignobili accessione locupleta, cum accuratis indicibus, tam eorum quae unoquoque capite continentur, quam rerum et verborum, Köln: Bernard Gualter, 1634 (Biblioteka PAN w Gdańsku, sygn. Fa 38254 8o).

Cresollius L., Th eatrum verterum rhetorum, oratorum, declamatorum, quos in Graecia nominabant Σοφιστὰς, expositum libris quinque. In quibus omnis eorum disciplina, et dicendi ac docendi ratio, moresque produntur, vitia damnantur, et magni utriusque linguae illustrantur et emaculantur Scriptores, Paris: Sebastian Cramoisy, 1620.

Cyceron M. Tulliusz, O mówcy, przeł., wstęp i komentarz B. Awianowicz, Kęty 2010.

Gellius Aulus, Noctes Atticae. Accesserunt eruditissimi viri Petri Mosellani in easdem perdoctae adnotationes […], Köln: Martinus Gymnicus, 1549.

Magirus T., Polymnemon seu fl orilegium locorum communium. Ordine novo, exactiori et ad usum accommodatiori animatum selectioribus etiam sententiis et exemplis ex scriptorum probatissimorum et elegantissimorum, Graecorum, Latinorum, antiquorum, novorum, philosophorum, oratorum, poetarum, historicorum, legumlatorum, etc. monumentis consertum, sub quingentis quadraginta octo titulis […], Frankfurt am Main: Clemens Schleich i wdowa po Danielu Aubriusie, 1629.

Mochinger J., Eloquentiae cupidissimos rhetoristas ad acroases oratorias frequenter iterum obeundas, quae (quod optimum maximum Numen iubeat!) auspicato rursus inchoabuntur, posteaquam quidem, solito in Acroaterio Minori Lycei nostri, die Martii I. hora sueta IXa, de librorum Tullianorum quam maxime utiliter evolvendorum ratione multo commodissima, quasi in antecessum, audita fuerint quaedam, allocutione publica vocoque invitoque, Johannes Mochingerus, Gymnasii rhetor, anno Domini MDC XLVI, Gdańsk: Rhetius, [1646] (Biblioteka PAN w Gdańsku, sygn. Ma 3984 2o (82)).

Mochinger J., Floridorum e disserationibus rhetoricis Johannis Mochingeri super Cicerone in Lyceo Gedanensi habitis excerptorum sylva, ed qua, in certos quasi saltus distributa, lectissimi aliquot eloquentiae alumni, facta sententiarum communicatione, nuncupandis suo loco diebus, sermones conferent, Gdańsk: Georg Rhete, 1640.

Mochinger J., Orator atque rhetorista penicillo Iohannis Mochingeri depicti prodiere, Gdańsk: Andreas Hünefeld, 1641.

Mosellanus P., Annotationes Petri Mosellani Protogensis in clarissimas Auli Gellii Noctes Atticas, Basel: Johann Bebel, 1526.

Plutarchus Chaeroneus, Ethica sive Moralia, opera quae extant omnia, interprete Hermanno Cruserio […], Basel: Th omas Guérin, 1573.

Plutarchus Chaeroneus, Ethicorum sive moralium pars II, Guilielmo Xylandro, Augustano, interprete […], Frankfurt am Main: Johannes Saurius, 1603.

Siberus A.T., DIALEXEΩN academicarum, quae sunt orationes, praefationes, dissertationes, epistolae et carmina, vol. I, Wittenberg: Paul Helwich i Georg Müller, 1614.

Strada F., Prolusiones academicae nunc demum ab auctore recognitae […], Lyon: Horace Cardon, 1617.

Tacyt, Dialog o mówcach, w: idem, Dzieła, t. 2, przeł. S. Hammer, Warszawa 1957.

Titius J.P., Manuductio ad excerpendum. Insertae sunt observationes de vitiis Latini sermonis, et locutione emendata, ejusque auctoribus accesserunt Commentationes I. Didactica, de adminiculis linguae L(atinae), II. Prosodica, de stator. et cognatis, III. Nummaria, de pecunia vetere ac nova, abaco tabulisque exhibita. Cum indice plenissimo verborum, rerum, auctorum, Gdańsk: Christian Mannsklapp/David Fridericius Rhetius, 1676.

Vives J.L., Praelectio in quartum Rhetoricorum ad Herennium, w: idem, Early Writings 2. Epistula Forti, Vita Ioannis Dullardi, Christi Triumphus, Ovatio Mariae, Clipeus Christi, Praelectio in quartum Rhetoricorum ad Herennium, Praelectio in Convivia Philelphi, intr., critical ed., transl. and notes by J. IJsewijn, A. Fritsen, Ch. Fantazzi, Leiden 1991.

Opracowania

Awianowicz B.B., Petrus Mosellanus i jego De primis apud rhetorem exercitationibus praeceptiones, „Terminus” 5 (2003), z. 1, s. 223–241.

Awianowicz B.B., Progymnasmata w teorii i praktyce szkoły humanistycznej od końca XV wieku do połowy XVIII wieku. Dzieje nowożytnej recepcji Aft oniosa od Rudolfa Agricoli do Johanna Christopha Gottscheda, Toruń 2008.

Awianowicz B.B., Retoryka w Gdańskim Gimnazjum Akademickim w świetle programów szkolnych, wykładów i praktyki oratorskiej drugiej połowy XVI i XVII wieku, w: W gdańskim ogrodzie Muz. Gimnazjum Akademickie w Gdańsku wobec kultury starożytnych Greków i Rzymian, red. M. Otto, J. Pokrzywnicki, Pelplin 2015, s. 41–66.

Mokrzecki L., Jan Mochinger, w: Słownik biografi czny Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego, t. 3, red. Z. Nowak, Gdańsk 1997, s. 240–241.

Müller G., Siber, Adam Th eodor, w: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Bd. 34, Leipzig 1892, s. 130.

Nadolski B., Jan Mochinger – profesor retoryki w Gdańskim Gimnazjum Akademickim, „Rocznik Gdański” 22 (1963), s. 193–221.

Nadolski B., Ze studiów nad życiem literackim i kulturą umysłową na Pomorzu w XVI i XVII wieku, Wrocław 1969.

Ramminger J., Neulateinische Wortliste, hasło rhetorista; www.neulatein.de/words/1/006541.htm (dostęp: 16.05.2018).

Reden S. von, Money in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge 2010.

Informacje

Informacje: Terminus, 2018, Tom 20, zeszyt 2 (47) 2018, s. 255 - 281

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4467/20843844TE.18.008.9753

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

„Orator – rhetor – rhetorista” w ujęciu Johanna Mochingera. Edycja i przekład trzech rozdziałów poświęconych mówcy, teoretykowi i adeptowi/krytykowi sztuki wymowy w Orator atque rhetorista

Angielski:

Orator—rhetor—rhetorista According to Johann Mochinger. An Edition and Translation of Three Chapters Dedicated to a Public Speaker, Theorist and Student/Critic of the Art of Eloquence in Orator atque rhetorista

Autorzy

Bartosz Awianowicz

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7380-2272

Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Katedra Filologii Klasycznej; Jurija Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń

Publikacja: 08.11.2018

Status artykułu: Otwarte

Licencja: CC BY-NC-ND

Udział procentowy autorów:

Bartosz Awianowicz (Autor) - 100%

Korekty artykułu:

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Języki publikacji:

Polski

Liczba wyświetleń: 1555

Liczba pobrań: 1190

<p> <em>„Orator – rhetor – rhetorista”</em> w ujęciu Johanna Mochingera. Edycja i przekład trzech rozdziałów poświęconych mówcy, teoretykowi i adeptowi/krytykowi sztuki wymowy w Orator atque rhetorista</p>

Terminus. Czasopismo Poświęcone Literaturze i Kulturze Dawnej