Shakespeare Cut and Refashioned: The Ukrainian Translation of Hamlet Made by Hnat Khotkevych (1920s)

Daria Moskvitina

Tytuły

Abstrakt

Shakespeare’s Hamlet has always been an attractive challenge for the Ukrainian translators. For now there are more than a dozen variants, and some of them have entered the treasury of the Ukrainian Shakespeareana. It is worth mentioning that the vast majority of these translations were made disregarding the perspective of a production. Only three Ukrainian ‘Hamlets’ were created for the stage, and the almost forgotten translation by Hnat Khotkevych is among them.

Although this version was intended for performance, none of its words have ever been pronounced from the stage. Hnat Khotkevych, a renowned Ukrainian musician, writer and theatre practitioner of the 1900s‒1930s completed his translation to bring Shakespeare closer to ordinary people. He was deeply convinced that Shakespeare’s dramatic legacy had to be partly ignored to make it suitable for a stage production in Ukraine in the early 20th century. That democratic intention of the translator resulted in a dramatic simplification of the original text. The technique, employed by Hnat Khotkevych, meant, first of all, cutting the dramatis personae of Fortinbras, Voltimand, Cornelius; the gravediggers never appear in this version either. Besides, the translator, firmly believing that Ukrainian actors of his time were totally incapable of reciting Shakespeare’s poetic verse, transformed the Bard’s iambic pentameter into prose. In his translation, Shakespeare’s tragedy acquired specific linguistic and stylistic features of a typical Ukrainian play of the late 19th–early 20th century, much like Khotkevych’s own dramas.

Shakespeare’s Hamlet has always been an attractive challenge for the Ukrainian translators. For now there are more than a dozen variants, and some of them have entered the treasury of the Ukrainian Shakespeareana. It is worth mentioning that the vast majority of these translations were made disregarding the perspective of a production. Only three Ukrainian ‘Hamlets’ were created for the stage, and the almost forgotten translation by Hnat Khotkevych is among them.

Although this version was intended for performance, none of its words have ever been pronounced from the stage. Hnat Khotkevych, a renowned Ukrainian musician, writer and theatre practitioner of the 1900s‒1930s completed his translation to bring Shakespeare closer to ordinary people. He was deeply convinced that Shakespeare’s dramatic legacy had to be partly ignored to make it suitable for a stage production in Ukraine in the early 20th century. That democratic intention of the translator resulted in a dramatic simplification of the original text. The technique, employed by Hnat Khotkevych, meant, first of all, cutting the dramatis personae of Fortinbras, Voltimand, Cornelius; the gravediggers never appear in this version either. Besides, the translator, firmly believing that Ukrainian actors of his time were totally incapable of reciting Shakespeare’s poetic verse, transformed the Bard’s iambic pentameter into prose. In his translation, Shakespeare’s tragedy acquired specific linguistic and stylistic features of a typical Ukrainian play of the late 19th–early 20th century, much like Khotkevych’s own dramas.

Słowa kluczowe

Shakespeare, Hamlet, Hnat Khotkevych, translation, domestication, stage production

Bibliografia

Doroshenko D., Shakespeare in Ukrainian, “The Slavonic and East EuropeanReview” 1931, no. 9 (27), pp. 708‒712.

Shakespeare W., Hamlet, Harold Jenkins (ed.), London 1982.

Shakespeare W., Hamlet, London 1994.

Василик-ФурманА., Трагедія В. Шекспіра «Гамлет» у перекладі М. Рудницького, в: В. Шекспір, Гамлет, Львів2008, c. 5‒18.

КізченкоВ., Хоткевич Гнат Мартинович, в:Енциклопедія історії України, у 10 т????омах, том 10: Т–Я, Київ 2013, c. 424.

КовальчукЛ., З приводу однієї постановки (рецензія Гната Хоткевича на «Макбет» Леся Курбаса), http://www.kurbas.org.ua/projects/almanah7/14_l_k.pdf(accessed: 12 January2018).

КозакБ., Палімпсест українського «Гамлета: переклад Михайла Рудницького і прапрем’єра у Львові 1943 року, в: В. Шекспір, Гамлет, Львів 2008, c. 170‒188.

КоломієцьЛ., Українські перекладачі «Гамлета» В. Шекспіра: Пантелеймон Куліш, Юрій Клен, Леонід Гребінка, Михайло Рудницький, Ігор Костецький, Григорій Кочур, Юрій Андрухович, “Ренесансні студії” 2009, no. 12‒13, c. 163‒188.

Коломієць Л., Новий український «Гамлет»: перекладацька стратегія Юрія Андруховича, “Моваікультура”2005, vol. 8, no. 3 (2), c. 349‒356.

Лучук О., Діалогічна природа літератури. Перекладознавчі та літературознавчі нариси, Львів 2004.

МорозМ., В. Шекспір в Українській РСР, в: В. Шекспір, Твори в шести томах, т. 6, Київ 1998, c. 803‒832.

Реальные училища, Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона, https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ЭСБЕ/Реальные_училища(accessed:21 April2018).

СамчинськаТ., Гнат Хоткевич: німецький шпигун із бандурою, https://vsiknygy.net.ua/person/5962/(accessed: 20 April2018).

ЧернякЮ., Специфіка актуалізації ціннісної семантики «Гамлета» В. Шекспіра в українському шекспірівському дискурсі, Київ 2011.

ШекспірВ., Гамлет, переклад Г. Хоткевича, “Парадигма” 1998, no. 1, c. 208‒252.

ШекспірВ., Гамлет, переклад М. Рудницького, Львів 2008.

Informacje

Informacje: Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, 2018, Volume 13, Issue 3, s. 155 - 163

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4467/20843933ST.18.015.8958

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

Shakespeare Cut and Refashioned: The Ukrainian Translation of Hamlet Made by Hnat Khotkevych (1920s)

Angielski:

Shakespeare Cut and Refashioned: The Ukrainian Translation of Hamlet Made by Hnat Khotkevych (1920s)

Autorzy

Daria Moskvitina

Zaporizhzhya State Medical University, Ukraine

Publikacja: 31.10.2018

Status artykułu: Otwarte

Licencja: CC BY-NC-ND

Udział procentowy autorów:

Daria Moskvitina (Autor) - 100%

Korekty artykułu:

-

Języki publikacji:

Angielski

Liczba wyświetleń: 1076

Liczba pobrań: 914

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