From Stable “Temporality” to Permanent Variability: The Role of Reciprocity in the Formation of Communities in the “Private Housing Sector” of Russian Cities

Konstantin Grigorichev

From Stable “Temporality” to Permanent Variability: The Role of Reciprocity in the Formation of Communities in the “Private Housing Sector” of Russian Cities

Data publikacji: 2021

Prace Etnograficzne, 2021, Tom 49 Numer 1-2, s. 103 - 116

https://doi.org/10.4467/22999558.PE.21.007.14129

Autorzy

Pobierz pełny tekst

PDF

drukuj

Tytuły

From Stable “Temporality” to Permanent Variability: The Role of Reciprocity in the Formation of Communities in the “Private Housing Sector” of Russian Cities

Abstrakt

The article is devoted to the specifics of local communities’ self-organization in the “private housing sector” of a Russian provincial city. It is shown that a significant part of the urban space of the Russian territory is made up of low-rise single-family houses, known as the “private housing sector”. The organization of living space and the way of life in such localities can be defined as “non-urban”. It is shown that reciprocity was the basis for the formation of such communities in Soviet times. Having spread as a mechanism for adaptation and survival in the urban environment, reciprocity has become the most important mechanism for securing the marginality (“temporary”) of communities in the “private housing sector”. Changes in the “private housing sector” in the post-Soviet period led to a decrease in the role of reciprocity in the organization of such communities, which in turn led to their fragmentation and the emergence of various variants of local communities. The article is based on the observation, including participant, of the evolution of local spaces and communities of the “private sector” of Irkutsk, Omsk and Khabarovsk during 2007–2019 and a series of interviews from 2016–2020.

* The article and the study were funded by RFBR, project number 20-011-00282.

Słowa kluczowe

“private housing sector”, communities, reciprocity, marginality, urbanism, suburbanism

Bibliografia

Pobierz bibliografię

Barsukova S.Y.

2003 Setevaja vzaimopomoshh’ rossijskih domohozjajstv: teorija i praktika jekonomiki dara (Network mutual aid of Russian households: theory and practice of the economy of the gift), Mir Rossii (Universe of Russia), no. 2, pp. 81–122 (in Russian).

Boym S.

1994 Common Places. Mythologies of everyday life in Russia, New York.

Dolgolyuk A.A.

2008 Individual’noe zhilishhnoe stroitel’stvo v Sibiri v 1946–1970 gg. (Individual housing construction in Siberia in 1946–1970ss) in: Opyt reshenija zhilishhnoj problemy v gorodah Sibiri v XX–nachale XXI vv (Experience in solving the housing problem in the cities of Siberia in the XX–early XXI centuries), Novosibirsk, pp. 81–103 (in Russian).

Fischer C.

1995 The Subcultural Theory of Urbanism: A Twentieth-year Assessment, “American Journal of Sociology”, vol. 101 (3), pp. 543–577.

French R.A.

1995 Plans, Pragmatism and People: The Legacy of Soviet Planning for Today’s Cities, London.

Granovetter M.S.

1973 The Strength of Weak Ties, “American Journal of Sociology”, vol. 78, pp. 1360–1380.

Graz R.

1995 Gorod v Amerike: zhiteli i vlasti (The City in America: residents and authorities), Moscow (in Russian).

Grigorichev K.

2019 “Private Sector” of the Russian Cities: From Heritage of Soviet Urbanization to the “Inner Suburbs” in: “Suburban Revolution” and Peripheral Urban Territories in the Post-soviet Space, Ulan-Ude, pp. 125–129.

Harvey D.

2018 Social Justice and the City, Moscow (in Russian).

Holston J.

1989 The Modernist City: An Anthropological Critique of Brasilia, Chicago.

Humphrey C.

2002 The Unmaking of Soviet Life: Everyday Economies After Socialism. Everyday Economy after Socialism, Ithaca–London.

Kalyukin A., Kohl S.

2020 Continuities and Discontinuities of Russian Urban Housing: The Soviet Housing Experiment in Historical Long-term Perspective, “Urban Studies”, vol. 57 (8), pp. 1768– 1785.

Kotkin S.

2002 Zhilische i subektivnyi harakter ego raspredelenija v stalinskuju jepohu (Housing and the subjective nature of its distribution in the Stalin era) in: Zhilishhe v Rossii: Vek XX: Arhitektura i social’naja istorija (Housing in Russia: XX Century: Architecture and social history), Moscow, pp. 105–106 (in Russian).

Lebina N.

2015 Sovetskaja povsednevnost’: normy i anomalii. Ot voennogo kommunizma k bol’shomu stilju (Soviet everyday life: norms and anomalies. From War Communism to Big Style), Moscow (in Russian).

Ledeneva A.

1998 Russia’s Economy of Favours: Blat, Networking and Informal Exchange, Cambridge.

2000 Continuity and Change of Blat Practices in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia in: Bribery And Blat In Russia: Negotiating Reciprocity From The Middle Ages To The 1990s, New York, pp. 183–205.

Lefebvre A.

2002 Idei dlja koncepcii novogo urbanizma (Ideas for the concept of new urbanism), “Sociologicheskoe obozrenie” (Russian Sociological Review), no. 2 (3), pp. 19–26 (in Russian).

Low S.

2001 The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear, “American Anthropologist”, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 45–58.

Markin V., Chernysh M. (eds.)

2019 Malye goroda v social’nom prostranstve Rossii (The small towns in the social space of Russia), Moscow (in Russian).

Meerovich M.

2008 Nakazanie zhilishhem (The Punishment by the Housing), Moscow (in Russian).

Moss M.

1996 Ocherk o dare (An Essay on the Gift) in: M. Moss, Obshhestva. Obmen. Lichnost’ (Society. Exchange. Personality), Moscow, pp. 85–111 (in Russian).

Oldenburg R.

2014 Tret’e mesto: kafe, kofejni, knizhnye magaziny, bary, salony krasoty i drugie mesta “tusovok” kak fundament obshhestva (The third place: cafes, coffee shops, bookstores, bars, beauty salons and other places of “hangouts” as the foundation of society), Moscow (in Russian).

Polanyi K.

1999 Dva znachenija termina «jekonomicheskij». O vere v jekonomicheskij determinizm (Two meanings of the term “economic”. On faith in economic determinism) in: T. Shanin (ed.), Neformal’naja jekonomika: Rossija i mir (The Informal Economy: Russia and the World), Moscow, pp. 505–513 (in Russian).

2002 Velikaja transformacija: politicheskie i jekonomicheskie istoki nashego vremeni (The Great Transformation: Political and Economic Origins of Our Time), trans. S. Fyodorov, A. Shurbelev, A. Vasil’ev, Sent-Petersburg (in Russian).

Prelovskaya Y.

2017 Metodika rekonstrukcii zastrojki tipa “chastnyj sektor” na jetapah razvitija goroda, na primere gorodov srednego Povolzh’ja: avtoref.diss. ... kand. tehn. nauk (Methods of reconstruction of buildings of the “private housing sector” type at the stages of city development, on the example of cities in the middle Volga region: An abstract of thesis of Cand. tech. Sciences), Moscow (in Russian).

Sahlins M.D.

1999 Ekonomika kamennogo veka (Stone Age Economy), trans. A. Artemova, A. Ogorodnova, L. Ogorodnova, Moscow (in Russian).

Simmel G.

2008 Jekskurs o chuzhake (Excursion about the stranger) in: A.F. Filippov (ed.), Sociologicheskaja teorija: istorija, sovremennost’, perspektivy (Sociological theory: history, modernity, prospects), Sent-Petersburg, pp. 9–14 (in Russian).

Spórna T., Krzysztofik R.

2020 ‘Inner’ suburbanisation – Background of the phenomenon in a polycentric, post-socialist and post-industrial region. Example from the Katowice conurbation, Poland, “Cities”, vol. 104.

Sztompka P.

2012 Doverie – osnova obshhestva (Varieties of Trust), trans. N. Morozova, Moscow (in Russian).

Tykanova E.V., Khokhlova A.M.

2014 Traektorii samoorganizacii lokal’nyh soobshhestv v situacijah osparivanija gorodskogo prostranstva (Trajectories of self-organization of local communities in situations of challenging urban space), “Sociologija vlasti” (Sociology of Power), vol. 2, pp. 104– 122 (in Russian).

Vakhshtain V.S.

2014 Peresborka goroda: mezhdu jazykom i prostranstvom (Reassembling the city: between space and speech), “Sociologija vlasti” (Sociology of Power), vol. 2, pp. 9–38 (in Russian).

Vishnevsky A.G.

1998 Serp i rubl’. Konservativnaja modernizacija v SSSR (Sickle and ruble. Conservative modernization in the USSR), Moscow (in Russian).

Walks A.

2013 Suburbanism as a Way of Life, Slight Return, “Urban Studies”, vol. 50 (8), pp. 1471–1488.

Zhelnina A., Tykanova E.

2019 Formal’nye i neformal’nye grazhdanskie infrastruktury: sovremennye issledovanija gorodskogo lokal’nogo aktivizma v Rossii (Formal and informal civic infrastructure: contemporary studies of urban local activism in Russia), “The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology”, vol. 22 (1), pp. 162–192 (in Russian).

Informacje

Informacje: Prace Etnograficzne, 2021, Tom 49 Numer 1-2, s. 103 - 116

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4467/22999558.PE.21.007.14129

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

From Stable “Temporality” to Permanent Variability: The Role of Reciprocity in the Formation of Communities in the “Private Housing Sector” of Russian Cities

Angielski:

From Stable “Temporality” to Permanent Variability: The Role of Reciprocity in the Formation of Communities in the “Private Housing Sector” of Russian Cities

Autorzy

Konstantin Grigorichev

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-5658

Irkutsk State University, Irkuck, Rosja

Publikacja: 2021

Status artykułu: Otwarte

Licencja: CC BY-NC-ND

Udział procentowy autorów:

Konstantin Grigorichev (Autor) - 100%

Korekty artykułu:

Języki publikacji:

Angielski

Liczba wyświetleń: 707

Liczba pobrań: 500

<p> From Stable “Temporality” to Permanent Variability: The Role of Reciprocity in the Formation of Communities in the “Private Housing Sector” of Russian Cities</p>

Pobierz xml