FAQ
T_LOGIN Zaloguj się

Nie masz jeszcze konta?

T_REGISTER Zarejestruj się

Studia Historiae Scientiarum

Search results

simple search

search np. “cognitive architectures” AND 1993-200 NOT Urban
advanced search
ex. 1234-6789
ex. 10.4467/16890027AP.16.022.6009
ex. Uniwersytet Jagielloński

Ladislas Natanson and Alfred Landé versus Planck’s law, the Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics and the Bose statistics

Publication date: 13.09.2021

Studia Historiae Scientiarum, 2021, 20 (2021), pp. 439-507

https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.21.014.14045

Authors

Michał Kokowski
Studia Historiae Scientiarum (editor-in-chief)
Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences
Warszawa – Kraków, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5389-9051 Orcid
Contact with author
All publications →

Download full text

Download PDF PDF

Titles

Ladislas Natanson and Alfred Landé versus Planck’s law, the Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics and the Bose statistics

Abstract

Władysław Natanson i Alfred Landé, a prawo Plancka, statystyka Boltzmanna-Plancka-Natansona oraz statystyka Bosego

Artykuł opisuje kontekst i treść przeoczonej dotąd przez historyków fizyki korespondencji z listopada 1925 roku na temat prawa Plancka i statystyki Bosego pomiędzy Władysławem Natansonem, a Alfredem Landé i konsekwencje tej korespondencji.

W artykule publikowane są po raz pierwszy transkrypcje dwóch oryginalnych listów w języku niemieckim i ich tłumaczenia na język angielski.


Article available under CC BY-NC-ND  license.

License text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pl/legalcode   

Keywords

References

Download references
ARCHIVAL SOURCES
Einstein, Albert 1924 (archival document ): Letter to Otto Halpern, after 26 August 1924. [In:] Einstein 2015a, Doc. 309, s. 483. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-doc/585; English translation in:
Einstein 2015b, Doc. 309, pp. 312–313. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-trans/342.
Einstein, Albert 1925 (archival document ): Letter to Erwin Schrödinger, 28 February 1925. [In:] Einstein 2015a, Doc. 446, pp. 677–678. Available online: https:// einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-doc/779; English translation in: Einstein 2015b, Doc. 446, pp. 438–439. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-trans/468.
Einstein, Albert 1926 (archival document ): Letter to Paul Ehrenfest, 24 November 1926. [In:] Einstein 2018a, Doc. 420, pp. 641– 643 (do listu na pp. 643–645 dołączony jest manuskrypt nieopublikowanej ostatecznie notki Uchlenbecka i Ehrenfesta 1926a (archival document )). Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol15-doc/753; English translation in: Einstein 2018b, Doc. 420, pp. 396– 397 (do listu na pp. 397–399 dołączony jest manuskrypt nieopublikowanej ostatecznie notki Uchlenbecka i Ehrenfesta 1926a (archival document )). Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol15-trans/430.
Einstein, Albert 2015a: The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 14. The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence, April 1923–May 1925 – Documentary Edition. Edited by Diana Kormos Buchwald, József Illy, Ze’ev Rosenkranz, Tilman Sauer & Osik Moses. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-doc/.
Einstein, Albert 2015b: The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 14. The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence, April 1923–May 1925 (English Translation Supplement) – Documentary Edition. Edited by Diana Kormos Buchwald, József Illy, Ze’ev Rosenkranz, Tilman Sauer & Osik Moses Translated by Ann M. Hentschel & Jennifer Nollar James Klaus Hentschel, consultant. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-trans/.
Einstein, Albert 2018a: The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 15. The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence, June 1925–May 1927 – Documentary Edition. Edited by Diana Kormos Buchwald, József Illy, A. J. Kox, Dennis Lehmkuhl, Ze’ev Rosenkranz & Jennifer Nollar James. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol15-doc/.
Einstein, Albert 2018b: The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 15: The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence, June 1925-May 1927 (English Translation Supplement). Edited by Diana Kormos Buchwald, József Illy, A. J. Kox, Dennis Lehmkuhl, Ze’ev Rosenkranz & Jennifer Nollar James. Translated by Jennifer Nollar James, Ann M. Hentschel, Mary Jane Teague. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol15-trans/ .
Halpern, Otto 1924 (archival document ): Letter to Albert Einstein, 26 August 1924. [In:] Einstein 2015a, Doc. 308, pp. 481–482; English translation in: Einstein 2015b, Doc. 308, pp. 310–312.
Kraft, Kamil 1912 (archival document ): List do Władysława Natansona (Kraków, 20 sierpnia 1912). [In:] Korespondencja Władysława Natansona z lat 1884–1937. T. 9, Kowalewski – Kutrzeba [Rękopis], s. 79. Available online: https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/publication/610273/edition/588743/content.
Landé, Alfred 1925 (archival document ): List do Władysława Natansona (Tybinga, 18 listopada 1925). [In:] Korespondencja Władysława Natansona z lat 1884–1937. T. 10, Laar – Łukasiewicz [Rękopis], s. 6. Available online: https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/publication/610285.
Landé, Alfred; Kuhn, Thomas S.; Heilbron, John 1962: Interview of Alfred Landé by Thomas S. Kuhn and John Heilbron on 1962 March 5, 6, 7, 8 and June 15. Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics, College Park, MD USA. Available online: http://www.aip.org/history-programs/nielsbohr-library/oral-histories/4728-1.
Natanson, Władysław 1923: Oblicze natury: Odczyty, przemówienia i szkice [Rękopis]/przez dra Władysława Natansona. Biblioteka Jagiellońska BJ Rkp. 8751 II. Available online: https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/Content/641478/zip/.
Natanson, Wladyslaw [Władysław] 1925: Letter to Alfred Landé (Kraków, 14 November 1925). American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Archive for the History of Quantum Physics, 1898–1950 (bulk). Volume reel 4: reel-frame 19. Call Number Mss.530.1.Ar2.
Schrödinger, Erwin 1925a (archival document ): Letter to Alfred Landé (28 October 1925). American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Archive for the History of Quantum Physics, 1898–1950 (bulk). Call Number Mss.530.1.Ar2, Box(es)/Folder(s), reel 37: reel-frame 8 4. Schrödinger, Erwin 1925b (archival document ): List do Alberta Einsteina (Zurich, 3 listopad, 1925). [W:]. Einstein 2018b, doc. 101, pp. 181–183. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol15-doc/293. Przekład ang. [In:] Einstein 2018b, doc. 101, pp. 120–121. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol15-trans/154.
Schrödinger, Erwin 1925c (archival document ): Letter to Alfred Landé (16 November 1925). American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Archive for the History of Quantum Physics, 1898–1950 (bulk). Call Number Mss.530.1.Ar2, Box(es)/Folder(s), reel 37: reel-frame 8.
Uhlenbeck, G.E.; Ehrenfest, P. 1926 (archive document): Führt die Bose-Einsteinsche Statistik bei idealen Gasen zu einer Entartungs- condensation? Manuscript f. Z.f. mieße Physik. [In:] Einstein 2018, Doc. 420, pp. 643–645. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol15-doc/753.
STUDIES
Bach, Alexander 1985: On the quantum properties of indistinguishable classical particles. Lettere al Nuovo Cimento 43(8), pp. 383–387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02746971
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02746971
Bach, Alexander 1987: Indistinguishability or distinguishability of the particles of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. Physics Letters A 125(9), pp. 447–450. 
Bach, Alexander 1988a: The concept of indistinguishable particles in classical and quantum physics. Foundationn of Physics 18(6), pp. 639–649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00734566. Available online:
Bach, Alexander 1988b: The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution derived from Bose-Einstein statistics. Physics Letters A 134(1), pp. 1–3. DOI: 10.1016/0375-9601(88)90535-X.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(88)90535-X.
Bach, Alexander 1990a: Boltzmann probability-distribution of 1877. Archive for History of Exact Sciences 41(1), pp. 1–40. Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41133876.
Bach, Alexander 1990b: Indistinguishable particles: definitions and implications. Physics Letters A 151(1–2), pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(90)90835-C.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(90)90835-C.
Bach, Alexander 1990c: Indistinguishability, Interchangeability, and Indeterminism. [In:] Roger Cooke, Domenico Costantini (eds.), Statistics in Science. The Foundations of Statistical Methods in Biology, Physics and Economics. “Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science” vol. 122, pp. 149–166.
Bach, Alexander 1991: Why Are Independent Bosons Distributed According to Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics? EPL (Europhysics Letters) 14(5), pp. 391–396.
Bach, Alexander 1997: Indistinguishable Classical Particles. “Lecture Notes in Physics. New Series m: Monographs” m42. Berlin, … Tokyo: Springer.
Bach, Alexander; Blank, H.; Francke, H. 1985: Bose-Einstein statistics derived from the statistics of classical particles. Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (Series 2) 43, pp. 195–198.
Badino, Massimiliano 2006: Was there a statistical Turn ? The Interaction between Mechanics and Probability in Boltzmann’s Theory of Non Equilibrium (1872–1877). Available online: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2878/1/Was_There_a_Statistical_Turn.pdf.
Badino, Massimiliano 2009: The Odd Couple: Boltzmann, Planck and the Application of Statistics to Physics (1900–1913). Annalen der Physik 18(2–3), pp. 81–101. DOI: 10.1002/andp.200810336.
https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.200810336.
Badino, Massimiliano 2010: Pursuing an Idea: Planck’s Quantum Theory of Ideal Gas. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/1566066/Pursuing_an_Idea_Plancks_Quantum_Theory_of_Ideal_Gas.
Badino, Massimiliano 2015: Three dogmas on scientific theories. PhilArchive. https://philpapers.org/archive/BADTDO-7.pdf.
Badino, Massimiliano 2015b: Deconstructing Planck. In book: The Bumpy Road: Max Planck from Radiation Theory to the Quantum (1896–1906). Springer, pp. 81–110. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20031-6_4. Partially available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=JcvWCQAAQBAJ.
Badino, Massimiliano 2016: What have the historians of quantum physics ever done for us? Centaurus 58(4), pp. 327–346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12127.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12127.
Badino, Massimiliano 2021: Of weighting and counting: statistics and ontology in the old quantum theory. Forthcoming in: Bacciagaluppi, G., Darrigol, O., Freire Jr, O., Hartz, T., Joas, C., Kojevnikov, A. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of the History of Interpretations and Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford: Oxford University Press (expected publication: late 2021). Available online: https://philarchive.org/archive/BADOWA.
Bailer-Jones, Daniela M. 2009: Scientific Models in Philosophy of Science. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Bergia, Silvio 1987/2009: Who discovered the Bose-Einstein statistics? [In:] Manuel G. Doncel, Armin Hermann, Louis Michel, Abraham Pais (eds.), Symmetries in physics (1600–1980). 1st International Meeting on the History of Scientific Ideas, Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain, 20–26 September 1983 (Madrid: Madrid University, 1987), pp. 221–250. Reprinted in: Kameshwar C. Wali (ed.), Satyendra Nath Bose: his life and times. Selected works (with commentary) (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2009), pp. 332–358.
Blanpied, William A. 1972: Satyendranath Bose: Co-Founder of Quantum Statistics. American Journal of Physics 40(9), pp. 1212–1220. DOI: 10.1119/1.1986805.
https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1986805.
Boltzmann, Ludwig 1868 (reprinted 1909a)/2014a (English translation and comments): Studien über das Gleichgewicht der lebendigen Kraft zwischen bewegten materiellen Punkten. Wiener Bericht. 58, pp. 517–560. Reprinted in: Boltzmann 1909a, pp. 49–96. Translation into English and comments: Gallavotti 2014, pp. 139–142, 142–148.
Boltzmann, Ludwig 1872: Weitere Studien über das Wärmegleichgewicht unter Gasmolekülen. Wiener Bericht 66, pp. 275–370. Reprinted in: Boltzmann 1909a, pp. 316–402.
Boltzmann, Ludwig 1877 (reprinted 1909b)/2002 (English translation); 2014b (Partial translation and comments): Über die Beziehung zwischen dem zweiten Hauptsatze des mechanischen Wärmetheorie und der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, respective den Sätzen über das Wärmegleichgewicht. Graz Sitzb.d. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematich-naturwissen 76, pp. 373–435. Reprinted in: Boltzmann 1909b, pp. 164–223/2002 (English translation by Joël Le Roux): On the relationship between the second main theorem of mechanical heat theory and the probability calculation with respect to the results about the heat equilibrium. May 2, 2002. Available online: http://users.polytech.unice.fr/~leroux/boltztrad.pdf. Partial translation and comments: Gallavotti 2014, pp. 178–181.
Buchwald, Jed Z. (ed.) 1995: Scientific Practice: Theories and Stories of Doing Physics. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Boltzmann, Ludwig 1909a (reprinted 2014a): Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Band I. (1865–1874). Fritz Hasenöhrl (ed.). PDF mit OCR-Texterkennung. Available online: https://services.phaidra.univie.ac.at/api/object/o:63647/diss/Content/get.
Boltzmann, Ludwig 1909b (reprinted 2014b): Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Band II. (1875–1881). Fritz Hasenöhrl (ed.). PDF mit OCR-Texterkennung. Available online: https://services.phaidra.univie.ac.at/api/object/o:63651/ diss/Content/get.
Boltzmann, Ludwig 1909c (reprinted 2014c): Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Band III. (1882–1905). Fritz Hasenöhrl (ed.). PDF mit OCR-Texterkennung. Available online: https://services.phaidra.univie.ac.at/api/object/o:63654/diss/Content/get.
Bose, Satyendra Nath 1924a / 1976, 2009b: Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese. Zeitschrift für Physik 26, pp. 178–181. Reprinted 2009a in: Kameshwar C. Wali (ed.), Satyendra Nath Bose: his life and times. Selected works (with commentary) (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2009), pp. 21–25 (86–99). Available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=L01pDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 (German version); https://books.google.pl/books?id=L01pDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA26 (English translation). English translation 1976:
Planck’s law and the light quantum hypothesis (translated by O. Theimer and Budh Ram). American Journal of Physics 44, pp. 1056–1057. Available online: http://www.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Bose_1924.pdf. English translation 2009b: Planck’s Law and the Light-Quantum Hypothesis, pp. 26–29 (100–113).
Bose, Satyendra Nath 1924b (reprinted 2009c; English transl. 2009d): Wärmegleichgewicht im Strahlungsfeld bei Anwesenheit von Materie. Zeitschrift für Physik 27 (1) (December 1924), pp. 384–393. Available online: https://pl.booksc.xyz/dl/6525246/a1d589. Reprinted 2009c in: Kameshwar C. Wali (ed.), Satyendra Nath Bose: his life and times. Selected works (with commentary) (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2009), pp. 30–39 (104–113). Available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=L01pDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 ; English translation 2009d: Thermal Equilibrium in the Radiation Field in the Presence of Matter. [In:] Kameshwar C. Wali (ed.), Satyendra Nath Bose: his life and times. Selected works (with commentary) (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2009), pp. 40–47 (114–122). Available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=L01pDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA40.
Bothe, Walther 1927: Lichtquanten und Interferenz. Zeitschrift für Physik 41 (4–5), pp. 332–344. DOI: 10.1007/BF01391247. 
Buchwald, Jed Z. (ed.) 1995: Scientific Practice: Theories and Stories of Doing Physics. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Camilleri, Kristian 2011: Atom and Individual: The Trajectory of a Metaphor. [In:] Emma Kowal, Ghassan Hage (eds.), Force Movement Intensity: The Newtonian Imagination in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Melbourne University Publishing, pp. 115–127
Costa, Newton C. A. da; French, Steven 2003: Science and Partial Truth: A Unitary Approach to Models and Scientific Reasoning. “Oxford Studies in the Philosophy of Science”. Oxford University Press.
Crombie, Alistar C. 1994: The Styles of Scientific Thinking in the European Tradition, 3 vols. London: Duckworth.
Darrigol, Olivier 1986: The origins of the quantized matter wave. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 16(2), pp. 197-253. DOI: 10.2307/27757565. Available online: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27757565.
Darrigol, Olivier 1988: Statistics and combinatorics in early quantum theory. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 19, pp. 17–80. DOI: 10.2307/27757616. Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27757616.
Darrigol, Olivier 1991: Statistics and combinatorics in early quantum theory, II: Early symptoma of indistinguishability and holism. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 21, pp. 237–298. Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27757664.
Darrigol, O. 1992: From c-numbers to q-numbers. The classical analogy in the history of quantum theory. Berkeley: University of California Press. Dostęp online; https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft4t1nb2gv&chunk.id=d0e450&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e450&brand=ucpress
2018: Atoms, Mechanics, and Probability: Ludwig Boltzmann’s Statistico-Mechanical Writings – an Exegesis. Oxford University Press. Partially available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=lz5MDwAAQBAJ.
Debye, Peter 1910: Der Wahrscheinlichkeitsbegriff in der Theorie der Strahlung. Annalen der Physik 33, pp. 1427–1434.
Delbrück, M. 1980: Was Bose-Einstein statistics arrived at by serendipity? Journal of Chemical Education 57(7), pp. 467–470. DOI: 10.1021/ed057p467. 
Dieks, Dennis 2014: The Logic of Identity: Distinguishability and Indistinguishability in Classical and Quantum Physics. Foundations of Physics 44(12), pp. 1302–1316. Available online: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33752412.pdf.
Dieks, Dennis 2020: Identical Particles in Quantum Mechanics: Against the Received View. Available online: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/18684/1/AgainstRV.pdf.
Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice 1926: On the theory of quantum mechanics. Proceedings of the Royal Society A Matematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 112(762), pp. 661–677. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1926.0133. Available online: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.1926.0133.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1926.0133.
Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice 1927: The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation. Royal Society. Proceedings A 114, pp. 243–265. Available online: http://hermes.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Dirac_QED_1927.pdf.
Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice 1930: The Principles Of Quantum Mechanics. https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.177580/2015.177580.The-Principles-Of-Quantum-Mechanics.pdf.
Duhem, Pierre 1906 (2d ed. 1914)/1908, 1954: La théorie physique, son object et sa structure. Paris; German translation: Ziel und Struktur der physikalischen Theorie. Trans. Friedrich Adler. Introd. Ernst Mach (Leipzig, 1908); English translation The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory. Engl. transl. (of 2d ed.) P.P. Wiener (Princeton, 1954).
Duhem, Pierre 1908/1969: ΣΟΖΑΙΝ ΤΑ ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ. Essai sur la notion de théorie physique de Platon à Galilée. Paris: A.Hermann et Fils. English translation: To Save the Phenomena. An Essay on the Idea of Physical Theory from Plato to Galileo. Trans. Edmund Dolan and Chaninah Maschler. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press, 1969.
Ehrenfest, Paul 1911 (received: 8 June 1911): Welche Züge der Lichtquantenhypothese spielen in der Theorie der Wärmestrahlung eine wesentliche Rolle? Annalen der Physik 341/11, pp. 91–118, reprinted in: Collected Scientific Papers (1959), pp. 185–212. Available online: https://zenodo.org/record/1424215#.XQPIRMTVKUk.
Ehrenfest, Paul 1925/2016: Energieschwankungen im Strahlungsfeld oder Kristallgitter bei Superposition quantisierter Eigenschwingungen. Zeitschrift für Physik 34, pp. 362–373 / English translation 2016 by Elise Crull: Energy fluctuations in the radiation field or crystal lattice through superposition of quantized normal modes. Available online: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/13003/1/Ehrenfest1925_translation.pdf.
Ehrenfest, P.; Kamerlingh-Onnes, H. 1914: Simplified deduction of the formula from the theory of combinations which Planck uses as the basis of his radiation theory. Proceedings Amsterdam Academy 17, pp. 870–873. Reprinted in Klein 1959a, pp. 353–356.
Ehrenfest, P.; Uhlenbeck, G.E. 1927: Die wellenmechanische Interpretation der Boltzmannschen Statistik neben der der neueren Statistiken. Zeitschrift für Physik 41, pp. 24–26 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01454759.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01454759.
Einstein, Albert 1905: Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt. Annalen der Physik 17 (6), pp. 132–148. DOI:10.1002/andp.19053220607. Available online: http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/einstein-papers/1905_17_132-148.pdf. A partial English translation “On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light” is available from Wikisource. Available online: https://en.wikisource.org/?curid=59468.
Einstein, Albert 1916: Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung. Mitteilungen der Physikalischen Gesellschaft (Zürich) 18, pp. 47–62.
Einstein, Albert 1917: Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung. Physikalische Zeitschrift 18, pp. 121–128.
Einstein, Albert 1918: Motive des Forschens. [In:] Zu Max Plancks sechzigstem Geburtstag. Ansprachen, gehaltenam 26. April 1918 in der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft von E. Warburg, M. v. Laue, A. Sommerfeld und A. Einstein. Karlsruhe: C.F. Müllersche Hofbuchhandlung,1918, pp. 29–32.
/ Vol. 7, The Berlin Years: Writings, 1918–1921, pp. 55–58. Availbale online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol7-doc/103. / English translation: Motive for research. [In:] A. Einstein, Ideas and Opinions, trans. Sonja Bargmann. NewYork: Crown,1982. Vol. 7, The Berlin Years: Writings, 1918–1921 (English translation supplement), pp. 42–45. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol7-trans/58.
Einstein, Albert 1924 (presented 10 July 1924; published 20 September 1924)/2015a Doc. 283; 2015b, DOC. 283: Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases. Sitzungsberichte der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Physikalischmathematische Klasse (10.7.1924) 22, pp. 261–267. Available online: https://www.uni-muenster.de/imperia/md/content/physik_ap/demokritov/mbecfornonphysicists/einstein_1924_1925.pdf. Reprinted in: Einstein 2015a, Doc. 283, pp. 433–441. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-doc/535. English translation: Quantum theory of ideal gas. [In:] Einstein 2015b, DOC. 283, pp. 276–283. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-trans/306.
Einstein, Albert 1925a (dated: December 1924; presented: 8 January 1925; published: 9 February 1925)/2015a, Doc. 385; 2015b, Doc. 385: Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases, 2. Abhandlung. Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Physikalischmathematische Klasse (8.1.1925) 23, pp. 3–14. Available online: https://www.uni-muenster.de/imperia/md/content/physik_ap/demokritov/mbecfornonphysicists/einstein_1924_1925.pdf. Reprinted in: Einstein 2015a, Doc. 385, pp. 580–594. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-doc/682. English translation: Quantum theory of ideal gas II. [In:] Einstein 2015b, DOC.385, pp. 371–383. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-trans/401.
Einstein, Albert 1925b (presented: 29 January 1925; published: 5 March 1925)/2015a, Doc. 427; 2015b, Doc. 427: Zur Quantentheorie des idealen Gases. Sitzungsberichte der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Physikalischmathematische Klasse 23, pp. 18–25. Reprinted in: Einstein 2015a, Doc. 427, pp. 648–657. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-doc/750. English translation: Quantum theory of ideal gas. [In:] Einstein 2015b, DOC.427, pp. 418–425. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol14-trans/448.
Einstein, Albert 1930: Statistische Eigenschaften der Strahlung. Sitzungsberichte der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 543.
Einstein, Albert 1987–2018: The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein. Vol. 1–15. Edited by John Stachel, David C.Cassidy, Robert Schulmann, Jürgen Renn, Olga Griminger, Gary Smith, Robert Summerfield. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/.
Einstein, Albert 2018: The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 15. The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence, June 1925–May 1927 – Documentary Edition. Edited by Diana Kormos Buchwald, József Illy, A. J. Kox, Dennis Lehmkuhl, Ze’ev Rosenkranz & Jennifer Nollar James. Princeton , New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. Available online: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol15-doc/.
Einstein, Albert; Ehrenfest, Paul 1923: Zur Quantentheorie des Strahlungsgleichgewichtes. Zeitschrift für Physik 19, pp. 301–306. Available online: https://informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/pauli/Einstein-EhrenfestB.pdf.
Ehrenfest, Paul 1911: Welche Züge der Lichtquantenhypothese spielen in der Theorie der Wärmestrahlung eine wesentliche Rolle? Annals of Physics 4 (36), pp. 91–118. Available online: https://pl.booksc.xyz/dl/375771/e96031.
Ehrenfest, Paul 1925/2016: Energieschwankungen im Strahlungsfeld oder Kristallgitter bei Superposition quantisierter Eigenschwingungen. Zeitschrift für Physik 34, pp. 362–373. / English translation by Ellise Crull: Energy fluctuations in the radiation field or crystal lattice through superposition of quantized normal modes. Available online: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/13003/1/Ehrenfest1925_translation.pdf.
Ehrenfest, Paul; Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike 1915a/1915b: Vereinfachte Ableitung der kombinatorischen Formel, welche der Planckschen Strahlungstheorie zugrunde liegt. Annalen der Physik (Leipzig, 4th ser.) 46, pp. 1021–1024. DOI: 10.1002/andp.19153510709 / English translation 1915b: Simplified deduction of the formula from the theory of combinations which Planck uses as the basis of his radiation theory. Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 29 (170), pp. 297–301. DOI: 10.1080/14786440208635308; Proceedings Amsterdam Academy 17, 870–873. Reprinted in Klein 1959a, pp. 353–356.
Elwick, James 2012: Layered History: Styles of Reasoning as Stratified Conditions of Possibility. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 43(4), pp. 619–627.
Enders, Peter 2016: Historical Prospective: Boltzmann’s versus Planck’s state counting – Why Boltzmann did not arrive at Planck’s distribution law. Journal of Termodynamics, Article ID 9137926, pp. 13. Available online: https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/9137926.pdf.
Feyerabend, Paul K. 1975 (2d modificated ed. 1988): Against Method. Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge. London: NLB Ltd. 
Fick, Dieter; Kant, Horst 2013: The Concepts of Light Atoms and Light Molecules and Their Final Interpretation. Chapter 4 in: Katzir, Lehner, Renn (eds.) 2013, pp. 89–124.
Fleck, Ludwik 1935/1979, 1986: Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache: Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstill und Denkkollektiv. Basel, Switzerland: Benno Schwabe & Co. Przekład ang. [1979]: Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Ed. by T.J.Trenn and R.K.Merton, transl. by F.Bradley and T.J.Tren, foreword by T.S.Kuhn. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. Przekład pol. 1986: Powstanie i rozwój faktu naukowego. Wprowadzenie do nauki o stylu myślowym i kolektywie myślowym. Tłumaczenie z języka niemieckiego M.Tuszkiewicz. Wstęp do wydania polskiego Z.Cackowski. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Lubelskie.
Fowler, R. H. 1926. General Forms of Statistical Mechanics with Special Reference to the Requirements of the New Quantum Mechanics. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 113, pp. 432-449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1926.0163. Available online: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.1926.0163
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1926.0163
Fowler, R. H.; Darwin, C. G. 1922: On the Partition of Energy. Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 44(261), pp. 450-479. DOI: 10.1080/14786440908565189.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440908565189.
Fowler, R. H.; Darwin, C. G. 1922: On the partition of energy. Part II. Statistical principles and thermodynamics. Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 44(263), pp. 823–842. DOI: 10.1080/14786441208562558.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786441208562558.
Fraassen, Bas van 1998: The Problem of Indistinguishable Particles. [In:] Elena Castellani (ed.), Interpreting Bodies: Classical and Quantum Objects in Modern Physics. Princeton, New Jersey, USA : Princeton University Press, pp. 73–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv173f1xr.10.
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv173f1xr.10.
French, Steven; Krause, Décio 2006: Identities in Physics: A Historical, Philosophical, and Formal Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gallavotti, Giovanni 2014: Nonequilibrium and Irreversibility. Springer, Series “Theoretical and Mathematical Physics”, 2014, ISBN: 978-3-319-06757-5 (Print) 978-3-319-06758-2 (Online). Available online: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1311.6448.
Gavroglu, Kostas 1990: Differences in Style as a Way of Probing the Context of Discovery. Philosophia 45, pp. 53–75. Available online: https://www.philosophica.ugent.be/wp-content/uploads/fulltexts/45-4.pdf.
Gerlach, Walther; Landé, Alfred 1926: Ein Experiment über Kohärenzfähigkeit von Licht. Zeitschrift für Physik 34, pp. 169–173. DOI: 10.1007/BF01382260. [In:] Alfred Landé 1988: Selected Scientific Papers of Alfred Landé. Edited by P. Barut, Alwyn van der Merwe. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, Tokyo: D. Reidel Publishing Company, pp. 244–248. Available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=2ZPqCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA244.
Gosiewski, Władysław 1906: Zasady Rachunku Prawdopodobieństwa. Warszawa: Skład główny w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska; w drukarni Noskowskiego. Available online: https://crispa.uw.edu.pl/object/files/411822/display/PDF.
Hanle, Paul A. 1977: The coming of age of Erwin Schrödinger: His quantum statistics of ideal gases. Archive for History of Exact Sciences 17, pp. 165–192. DOI:10.1007/bf02464979.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02464979.
Heinsenberg, Werner 1926: Mehrkorperproblem und Resonanz in der Quantenmechanik. Zeitschrift für Physik 38, pp. 411–426. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/6628871/Mehrk%C3%B6rperproblem_und_Resonanz_in_der_
Quantenmechanik. Engl. translation: 2006: The Multi-Body Problem and Resonance in Quantum Mechanics. Trnslated by A.F. Kracklauer. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20170329163820/http://nonlocophysics.0catch.com/multi.pdf.
Heinsenberg, Werner 1927: Schwankungserscheinungen und Quantenmechanik. Zeitschrift für Physik 40(7), pp. 501–506.
Hentschel, Klaus 2006: Light Quanta: the Maturing of a Concept by the Stepwise Accretion of Meaning. Physics and Philosophy Id 006. Available online: https://eldorado.tu-dortmund.de/bitstream/2003/24257/1/006.pdf.
Hentschel, Klaus 2015: Die allmähliche Herausbildung des Konzepts ,Lichtquanten‘. Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 38 (2015) 121–139. DOI: 10.1002/bewi.201501718. 
Hentschel, Klaus 2018: Twelve Semantic Layers of ‘Light Quantum’ and ‘Photon’. Chapter. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95252-9_3. [In:] Klaus Hentschel, Photons. The History and Mental Models of Light Quanta. Springer, pp. 39–92. First Online: 17 August 2018.
Hacking, Ian 1975: The Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of Early Ideas about Probability, Induction and Statistical Inference. “Cambridge Series on Statistical & Probabilistic Mathematics”. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hacking, Ian 1982: Language, Truth, and Reason. [In:] Martin Hollis, Steven Lukes (eds.), Rationality and Relativism. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 48–66. Reprinted in Hacking 2002, 159–177.
Hacking, Ian 1983: Representing and Intervening. Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hacking, Ian 1987: Was There a Probabilistic Revolution 1800–1930? [In:] Lorenz Kreger, Lorraine J, Daston, and Michael Heidelberger (eds.), The Probabilistic Revolution: Volume I. Cambridge, MA, USA; London, England: The MIT Press, pp. 45–55.
Hacking, Ian 1990: The Taming of Chance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hacking, Ian 1992a: ‘Style’ for Historians and Philosophers. Studies in History and Philosophy 23, pp. 1–20.
Hacking, Ian 1992b: Statistical Language, Statistical Truth and Statistical Reason: The Self-Authentication of a Style of Scientific Reasoning, [In:] Ernan McMullin (ed.), The Social Dimensions of Science. Notre Dame, IN, USA: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 130–157.
Hacking, Ian 2002: Historical Ontology. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press.
Hacking, Ian 1994: Styles of Scientific Thinking or Reasoning: A New Analytical Tool for Historians and Philosophers of Science. [In:] Kostas Gavroglu, Joan Christianidis, and Efthymios Nicolaidis (eds.), Trends in the Historiography of Science. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, pp. 31–48.
Hacking, Ian 2007: The Laboratory Style of Thinking and Doing. Lecture at the Science, Technology and Society Workshop, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 12th November 2007. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215220/http://stm.ym.edu.tw/files/u1/HW_Ian_Hacking.pdf.
Hacking, Ian 2012: ‘Language, Truth and Reason’ 30 years later. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 43, pp. 599–609.
Hacking, Ian 2015: Probable Reasoning and Its Novelties. [In:] Theodore Arabatzis, Jergen Renn, Ana Simles (eds.), Relocating the History of Science. Essays in Honor of Kostas Gavroglu. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 177–192.
Holton, Gerald 1979: Einstein’s Model for Constructing a Scientific Theory. [In:] Peter C. Aichelburg, Roman U. Sexl (eds.), Albert Einstein. His Influence on Physics, Philosophy and Politics. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden: Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, pp. 109–136.
Howard, Don A.; Giovanelli, Marco 2019: Einstein’s Philosophy of Science. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Available online: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/einstein-philscience. First published Wed Feb 11, 2004; substantive revision Fri Sep 13, 2019.
Hoyer, Ulrich 1980: Von Boltzmann zu Planck. Archive for History of Exact Sciences 23(1) (26.XI.1980), pp. 47–86. Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41133587.
Huang, Kerson 1987: Statistical Mechanics (2nd ed.). New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.
Hund, Friedrich 1967 / 1974, 1975, 1980: Geschichte der Quantentheorie. Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut; English translation by Gordon Reece 1974: The history of quantum theory. London: Harrap; Italian translation by G. Longo 1975: Storia della teoria dei quanta. Bollona: Bollati Boringhieri; Japan translation by Kazuo Yamazaki 1978; Russian translation 1980: Istoriia kvantovoj teorii. Kiev: Naukova Dumka.
Hunle, Paul A. 1972: The coming of age of Erwin Schrödinger: His quantum statistics of ideal gases. Archive for History of Exact Sciences 17, pp. 165–192. Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41133485.
Jammer, Max 1966: The conceptual development of quantum mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Partially available online: https://archive.org/details/conceptualdevelo0000jamm.
Kastler, Alfred 1983: On the Historical Development of the Indistinguishability Concept for Microparticles. [In:] Alwyn van der Merwe (ed.), Old and New Questions in Physics, Cosmology, Philosophy and Theoretical Biology: Essays in Honor of Wolfgang Yourgrau (New York, Plenum Press), pp. 607–623.
Katzir, Shaul; Lehner, Christoph; Renn, Jürgen (eds.) 2013: Traditions and Transformations in the History of Quantum Physics. HQ–3: Third International Conference on the History of Quantum Physics, Berlin, June 28 – July 2, 2010 “Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge”. Proceedings 5. https://library.um.edu.mo/ebooks/b28308190.pdf.
Klein, Martin J. (ed.) 1959a: Paul Ehrenfest: collected scientific papers. North-Holland, Amsterdam; New York: Interscience.
Klein, Martin J. 1962: Max Planck and Beginnings of the Quantum Theory. Archive for the History of Exact Scieinces I, pp. 459–479.
Klein, Martin J. 1964: Einstein and the Wave-Particle Duality. The Natural Philosopher 3, pp. 3–49. https://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/klein/Klein-Einstein-Wave-Particle.pdf.
Kojevnikov, Alexei 1999: Freedom, Collectivism, and Quasiparticles: Social Metaphors in Quantum Physics. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 29(2), pp. 295-331. DOI: 10.2307/27757812. Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27757812; https://history.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2019/06/1999quasiparticles.pdf.
Kojevnikov, Alexei 2002: Einstein’s Fluctuation Formula and theWave-Particle Duality. [In:] Yuri Balashov and Vladimir Vizgin, eds., Einstein Studies in Russia. Einstein Studies, Vol. 10. Boston, Basel, Birkhäuser. The Center for Einstein Studies. Printed in the United States, pp. 181–228. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexei_Kojevnikov/publication/
241603110_Einstein’s_Fluctuation_Formula_and_the_Wave-Particle_Duality/links/5e4a1c74a6fdccd965ac3e66/Einsteins-Fluctuation-Formula-and-the-Wave-Particle-Duality.pdf.
Kokowski, Michał 1996: Copernicus and the Hypothetico-Deductive Method of Correspondence Thinking. Theoria et Historia Scientiarum, pp. 7–101. DOI: 10.12775/ths.1996.002. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321453456.
Kokowski, Michał 2001: Thomas S. Kuhn (1922–1996) a zagadnienie rewolucji kopernikowskiej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa IHN PAN. ISBN 83-86062-02-9, pp. 397.
Kokowski, Michał 2004: Copernicus’s Originality: Towards Integration of Contemporary Copernican Studies. Warsaw – Cracow: Instytut Historii Nauki PAN, 2004. ISBN 83-86062-27-4, pp. XIV + 314.
Kokowski, Michał 2012: Copernicus, Arabic Science, and the Scientific (R)evolution. [In:] Arun Bala (ed.), Asia, Europe, and the Emergence of Modern Science: Knowledge Crossing Boundaries. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 55–72. DOI: 10.1057/9781137031730_4. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/26667636/Copernicus_Arabic_Science_and_the_Scientific_R_evolution.
Kokowski, Michał 2015: Nota na temat pojmowania uogólnionej zasady korespondencji | Note on the understanding of the generalized correspondence principle. PKHN PAU XIV, pp. 327–329 | pp. 330–331. DOI: 10.4467/23921749PKHN_PAU.16.015.5271.
https://doi.org/10.4467/23921749PKHN_PAU.16.015.5271.
Kokowski, Michał 2019: The divergent histories of Bose-Einstein statistics and the forgotten achievements of Władysław Natanson (1864–1937). Studia Historiae Scientiarum 18, pp. 327–464. DOI: 10.4467/2543702XSHS.19.012.11018.
https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.19.012.11018.
Kokowski, Michał 2021: Władysław Natanson i Alfred Landé a prawo Plancka, statystyka Boltzmanna-Plancka-Natansona oraz statystyka Bosego. Studia Historiae Scientiarum 20, pp. 509–567. DOI: 10.4467/2543702XSHS.21.015.14046.
https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.21.015.14046.
Konieczny, Matthew J. 2011: The peculiarities of the Polish scientific discourse. [In:] Marija Wakounig, Karlo Ruzicic-Kessler (eds.), From the Industrial Revolution to World War II in East Central Europe (Münster: LIT Verlag), pp. 240–258. Partially available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=0uAcNbQehOoC&pg=PA240.
Konieczny, Matthew J. 2012: “Polska fizyka” i droga do europejskiej teorii kwantowej: Władysław Natanson i I Konferencja Solvaya w 1911 roku. (Paper given during a scientific meeting of the Commission of History of Science of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, Kraków, 24.6.2009). Prace Komisji Historii Nauki PAU XI, pp. 69–78. Available online: http://pau.krakow.pl/PKHN-PAU/pkhn-pau-XI-2012-4.pdf.
Krutkow, George 1914a: Aus der Annahme unabhängiger Licht-quanten folgt die Wiensche Strahlungsformel. Physikalische Zeitschrift 15, pp. 133–136. 
Krutkow, George 1914b: Bemerkung zu Herrn Wolfkes Note: Welche Strahlungsformel folgt aus der Annahme der Lichtatome? Physikalische Zeitschrift 15, pp. 363–364.
Kuhn, Thomas Samuel 1962 (2d ed. 1970): The Structure of Scientific Revolution. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, Thomas Samuel 1977: Mathematical versus Experimental Traditions in the Development of Physical Science. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 7, pp. 1–31.
Kuhn, Thomas S. 1978: Black-body theory and the quantum discontinuity 1894–1912. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Partially available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=zYUhVHzlr2IC.
Kuhn, T. S.; Heilbron, J. L.; Forman, P.; Allen, L. 1967: Sources for history of quantum physics. An inventary and report. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. Kunz, Milan 1989: How to distinguish distinguishability: physical and combinatorial definitions. Physics Letters A 135(8–9), pp. 421–424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(89)90039-X.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(89)90039-X.
Landé, Alfred 1925: Lichtquanten und Koherenz. Zeitschrift für Physik 33, pp. 571–578 (Eingegangen am 19. Juni 1925). DOI:10.1007/BF01328337.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01328337.
Landé, Alfred 1926a: Zur Quantentheorie der Sthrahlung. Zeitschrift für Physik 35, pp. 317–322 (Eingegangen am 13. November 1925). DOI: 10.1007/BF01380146.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01380146.
Landé, Alfred 1926b: Die neuere Entwicklung der Quantentheorie. “Wissenschaftliche Forschungsberichte, Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe”, Band 5. Zweite, völlig umgearbeitete Auflage. Dresden und Leipzig: Theodor Steinkopff. Available online: https://repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A6669/datastream/PDF/.
Landé, Alfred 1988: Selected Scientific Papers of Alfred Landé. Edited by P. Barut, Alwyn van der Merwe. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, Tokyo: D. Reidel Publishing Company. Partially available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=2ZPqCAAAQBAJ.
Lange, Bogdan 1992a: Znaczenie nierozróżnialności kwantów energii przy wyprowadzaniu formuły Plancka. Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki 37(1), pp. 11–22. Available online: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki/
Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Technikir1992-t37-n1/Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki-r1992-t37-n1-s11-22/Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki-r1992-t37-n1-s11-22.pdf.
Lange, Bogdan 1992b: Statystyka kwantów jako podstawa dla interpretacji teoriopoznawczej mechaniki kwantowej. Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki 37(2), pp. 123–132. Available online: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki/
Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki-r1992-t37-n2/Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki-r1992-t37-n2-s123-132/Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki-r1992-t37-n2-s123-132.pdf.
Lange, Bogdan 1997: Natanson’s Statistics versus Bose-Einstein Statistics as the Basis for Theory-Cognitive Quantum Mechanics. Physics Essays 10, pp. 524–527.
Laue, Max von 1914: Die Freiheitsgrade von Strahlenbündeln. Annalen der Physik 349(16), pp. 1197–1212. Available online: https://pl.booksc.xyz/book/376356/9dcd54.
Lehner, Christoph; Renn, Jürgen; Joas, Christian; Badino, Massimiliano 2007:
Schrödinger’s Way to Wave Mechanics. MPIWG. Available online: http://quantum-history.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/eLibrary/hq1_talks/waveMech/25_lehner_renn/lehner_renn_hq-1_pres.
Lorentz 1910: Alte und neue fragen der Physik. Physikalische Zeitschrift 11, pp. 205–257. https://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/IL-publications/sources/Lorentz_PZ_1910.pdf.
Majkowska, Rita; Fiałek, Elżbieta (red.) 2009: Władysław Natanson 1864–1937. „W Służbie Nauki” nr 15. Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Archiwum Nauki PAN i PAU.
Mehra, Jagdish 1972: “The Golden Age of Theoretical Physics”: P.A.M. Dirac’s Scientific Work from 1924 to 1933. The International Nuclear Information System. INIS Repository. CPT-I14 ORD-3992-64 February 1972. Available online: https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/03/027/3027986.pdf.
Mehra, Jagdish 1975: Satyendra Nath Bose, 1 January 1894–4 February 1974.
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 21, pp. 116–154. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1975.0002. Available online: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbm.1975.0002.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1975.0002.
Mehra, Jagdish 2001: The Golden Age of Theoretical Physics ((Boxed Set of 2 Volumes)). 10.1142/9789812810588.
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810588.
Mehra, Jagdish; Rechenberg, Helmut 1982/2001: The Historical Development of Quantum Theory, Vol. 1, Part 2. The Quantum Theory of Planck, Einstein, Bohr and Sommerfeld: Its Foundations and the Rise of Its Difficulties 1900–1925. Springer. Partially available online: https://books.google.pl/books?id=8tUVMSsC9wAC.
Monaldi, Daniela 2009: A note on the prehistory of indistinguishable particles. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 40 (2009) 383–394. DOI: doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2009.09.005.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2009.09.005.
Monaldi, Daniela 2013: Early Interactions of Quantum Statistics and Quantum Mechanics. [In:] Traditions and Transformations in the History of Quantum Physics: Third International Conference on the History of Quantum Physics, Berlin, June 28–July 2, 2010, ed. Shaul Katzir, Christoph Lehner, and Jürgen Renn (Berlin: Edition Open Access, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, 2013), pp. 125–147.
Monaldi, Daniela 2019: The Statistical Style of Reasoning and the Invention of Bose-Einstein Statistics. Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 42(4), pp. 307–337. DOI: 10.1002/bewi.201900015.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.201900015.
Nagasawa, Nobukata 2018: On social and psychological aspects of a negligible reception of Natanson’s article of 1911 in the early history of quantum statistics. Studia Historiae Scientiarum 17, pp. 391–419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.18.014.9334.
https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.18.014.9334.
Natanson, Ladislas (Władysław) 1911a (presented: 6 March 1911; published: circa 10 April 1911): O teoryi statystycznej promieniowania. – On the Statistical Theory of Radiation. Bulletin International de l’Académie des Sciences de Cracovie, Classe des Sciences mathématiques et naturelles. Série A: Sciences mathématiques / Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Krakau. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Reihe A: Mathematische Wissenschaften, pp. 134–148.
Natanson, Władysław 1911b: O promieniowaniu (19 lipca 1911). [In:] Księga pamiątkowa XI Zjazdu Lekarzy i Przyrodników Polskich w Krakowie, 18 –22 lipca 1911 {Proceedings of the 11th Congress of Polish physicians and natural scientists in Krakow, 18–22 July 1911} (Kraków: Komitet Gospodarczy, 1911), pp. 144–160. Available online: https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=278801.
Natanson, Ladislas (Władysław) 1911c (received: 29 Aprill 1911; published: 15 August 1911): Über die statistische Theorie der Strahlung. Physikalische Zeitschrift 12, pp. 659–666 it is a translation of Natanson’s first paper (1911a); the translation was made by Max Iklé, when the chief editor of the journal was Friedrich Krüger.
Natanson, Ladislas (Władysław) 1912a: O promieniowaniu (1st vers.) – Offprint of Natanson 1911b.
Natanson, Ladislas (Władysław) 1912b (presented on 8 January 1912; published:
April 1912): O zawartości energii w ciałach materyalnych. – On the Energycontent
of material bodies. Bulletin International de l’Académie des Sciences de Cracovie,
Classe des Sciences mathématiques et naturelles. Série A: Sciences mathématiques / Anzeiger
der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Krakau. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse.
Reihe A: Mathematische Wissenschaften, pp. 95–102.
Natanson, Władysław 1913: Zasady Teoryi Promieniowania (Principes de la Théorie du Rayonnement). Prace Matematyczno-Fizyczne 24, pp. 1–88. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Redakcji Prac Matematyczno-Fizycznych. Available online: “Polska Biblioteka Wirtualna Nauki”, „Kolekcja Matematyczna”, http://matwbn.icm.edu.pl/ksiazki/pmf/pmf24/pmf2411.pdf.
Natanson, Władysław 1923: O sprzecznościach w obrazie natury. Przemówienie na posiedzeniu inauguracyjnym pierwszego Zjazdu Fizyków i Chemików Polskich w Warszawie w dniu 4-tym kwietnia 1923 roku. Przegląd Warszawski 3, pp. 5–8. Available online: http://mbc.cyfrowemazowsze.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=27684.
Natanson, Władysław 1924a: Oblicze natury: odczyty, przemówienia i szkice. Kraków: Krakowska Spółka Wydawnicza. Available online: http://www.sbc.org.pl/Content/83937/i329249.pdf.
Natanson, Władysław 1924b: O promieniowaniu. [In:] Natanson 1924a, pp. 125–151.
Navarro, Luis; Pérez, Enric 2004: Paul Ehrenfest on the Necessity of Quanta (1911): Discontinuity, Quantization, Corpuscularity, and Adiabatic Invariance. Archive for History of Exact Sciences 58 (2004), pp. 97–141. DOI: 10.1007/s00407-003-0068-z. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Enric_Perez/publication/
226763445_Paul_Ehrenfest_on_the_Necessity_of_Quanta_1911_Discontinuity_Quantization_
Corpuscularity_and_Adiabatic_Invariance/links/551027450cf2a7335e847c53/.
Norton, John D. 1993: The Determination of Theory by Evidence: The Case for Quantum Discontinuity, 1900–1915. Synthese 97(1), pp. 1–31. Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20117829.
Pais, Abraham 1979: Einstein and the Quantum Theory. Review of Modern Physics 51(4), p. 863. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.51.863.
https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.51.863.
Pais, Abraham 1982: Subtle is the Lord. The science and life of Albert Einstein. Oxford and New York: Clarendon, Oxford University Press.
Pais, Abraham 1986: Inward Bound. Of mater and forces in the physical world. Oxford: Clarendon Press, New York: Oxford University Press.
Passon, Oliver; Grebe-Ellis, Johannes 2017: Planck’s radiation law, the light quantum, and the prehistory of indistinguishability in the teaching of quantum mechanics. European Journal of Physics 38 (035404) (10pp). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aa6134.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aa6134.
Pauli, Wolgang 1940: The connection between spin and statistics. Physical Review 58, pp. 716–722. Available online: http://hermes.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Pauli_spin_statistics_1940.pdf.
Pérez, Enric; Sauer, Tilman 2010: Einstein’s quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas: non-statistical arguments for a new statistics. Archive for History of Exact Sciences 64, pp. 561–612. Available online ArXiv: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.5567.pdf.
Pešić, Peter D. 1991a: The principle of identicality and the foundations of quantum theory. I. The Gibbs paradox. American Journal of Physics 59 (11), pp. 971–974. DOI: 10.1119/1.16653.
https://doi.org/10.1119/1.16653.
Pešić, Peter D. 1991b: The principle of identicality and the foundations of quantum theory. II. The role of identicality in the formation of quantum theory. American Journal of Physics 59 (11), pp. 975–978. DOI: 10.1119/1.16654. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/
549e4558e4b07c07777e8a60/t/5b350996758d46120bc08b02/1530202519824/
Principle+of+identicality+I+Gibbs+paradox.pdf
Pickering, Andrew (ed.) 1992: Science as Practice and Culture. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Planck, Max 1900: Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum, Verhandlungen der Deutsche Physikalishe Gesetzen 2, pp. 237–245. http://www.fisicafundamental.net/relicario/doc/planck1.pdf. Translated into English in D. ter Haar (ed.), The Old Quantum Theory, Pergamon Press, 1967.
Planck, Max 1901: Ueber das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum. Annalen der Physik 4, pp. 553–563. DOI: 10.1002/andp.19013090310.
https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19013090310.
Planck, Max 1906: Vorlesungen über die Theorie der Wärmestrahlung. Leipzig: Verlag von Johann Ambrosius-Barth. Available online: https://archive.org/download/vorlesungenberd04plangoog/vorlesungenberd04plangoog.pdf.
Planck, Max 1912/1914, 1958: La loi du rayonnement noir et l’hypothèse des quantités élémentaires d’action. [In:] Solvay, E.; Langevin P.; Broglie, M.D.D. & Institut international de physique Solvay 1912, La Theorie du Rayonnement et les Quanta. Rapports et Discussions de la Reunion Tenue a Bruxelles du 30 Octobre au 3 Novembre 1911, Sous les Auspices de M. E. Solvay, pp. 93–114, 115–132. German translation: Die Gesetze der Wärmestrahlung und die Hipothese der elementaren Wirkungsquanten. [In:] Die Theorie der Strahlung und der Quanten: Verhandlungen auf einer von E. Solvay einberufenen Zusammenkunft (30. Oktober bis 3. November 1911), mit einem Anhange über die Entwicklung der Quantentheorie vom Herbst 1911 bis zum Sommer 1913, pp. 77–94. Herausgegeben von A. [Arnold] Eucken. Halle a.S.: Wilhelm Knapp, 1914. “Abhandlungen der Deutschen Bunsen-Gesellschaft für Angewandte Physikalische Chemie” 3. Bd., Nr. 7; reprinted in 1958: Max Planck, Physikalische Abhandlungen und Vorträge: Aus Anlass seines 100. Geburts
Planck, Max 1958: Physikalische Abhandlungen und Vorträge: Aus Anlass seines 100. Geburtstages (23. April 1958). Herausgegeben vom Verband Deutscher Physikalischer Gesellschaften und der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 3 volumes.
Planck, Max 1972: Planck’s Original Papers in Quantum Physics. German and English edition. Annotated by Hans Kangro, translated by D. ter Haar and Stephen G. Brush. London: Taylor and Francis.
Poincaré, Henri 1896: Calcul des Probabilités, leçons professées pdendant le deuxième semestre 1893–1894. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.
Porter, Theodore M. 1981: A Statistical Survey of Gases: Maxwell’s Social Physics. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 12(1), pp. 76–116. DOI: 10.2307/27757490. Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27757490 .
Porter, Theodore M. 1986: The Rise of Statistical Thinking 1820–1900. Princeton University Press.
Porter, Theodore M. 1994: The Death of the Object: Fin de siècle Philosophy of Physics. [In:] Dorothy Ross (ed.), Modernist Impulses in the Human Sciences 1870–1930. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 128–151.
Porter, Theodore M. 2002: Statistics and Physical Theories. [In:] Mary Jo Nye (ed.), The Cambridge History of Science. Vol. 5. The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Cambridge University Press, pp. 488–504.
Raman, V.V.; Forman, Paul 1969: Why Was It Schrödinger Who Developed de Broglie’s Ideas? Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 1, pp. 291–314. DOI: 10.2307/27757299.
https://doi.org/10.2307/27757299.
Rayleigh, John William Strutt, Baron 1871/ 1899a: Note on the explanation of Coronas, as given in Verdet’s Leçons d’optique physique , and other works. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society III, pp. 267–269 / Scientific Papers I [1869–1881].
London: C.J. Clay and Sons, Cambridge University Press Warehouse, pp. 76[–79]. Available online: https://archive.org/details/scientificpaper01raylgoog.
Rayleigh, John William Strutt, Baron 1880 / 1899b: On the resultant of a large number of vibrations of the same pitch and of arbitrary phase. Philosophical Magazine 10 (60), pp. 73–78 / Scientific Papers I [1869–1881]. London: C.J. Clay and Sons, Cambridge University Press Warehouse, pp. 491[–496]; https://archive.org/details/scientificpaper01raylgoog/page/n516/mode/2up.
Rayleigh, John William Strutt, Baron 1884: The Theory of Sound. Volume One. Unabridged Second Revised Edition. Historical introduction by Robert B. Lindsay.
Rayleigh, John William Strutt, Baron 1888/1902: §4. Resultant of a Large Number of Vibrations of Arbitrary Phase. [In:] Wave Theory of Light. Encyclopedia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. 24, p. 429 / Scientific Papers III, London: Cambridge University Press Warehouse; pp. 52[–54]. Available online: https://archive.org/details/scientificpapers03rayliala/page/52/mode/2up.
Rayleigh, John William Strutt, Baron 1899/ 1903: On James Bernoulli’s theorem in probabilities. Philosophical Magazine 47 (285), pp. 246–251 / Scientific Papers IV (1892–1901), pp. 370–375. Available online: https://archive.org/details/cu31924073426888/page/n391/mode/2up.
Rechenberg, Helmut 1982: Landé, Alfred. [In:] Neue Deutsche Biographie 13 (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot), pp. 494–496. Available online: https://www.deutschebiographie.de/pnd189548169.html#ndbcontent.
Rosen, Edward 1939 (2nd ed. 1959; 3rd ed. 1971): Three Copernican Treaties: the Commentariolus of Copernicus, the Letter against Werner, the Narratio prima of Rheticus. 3rd ed. New York, 1971: Octagon Books.
Saunders, Simon 2005/2006: On the Explanation for Quantum Statistics. Arxiv (15 November 2015). Available online: https://arxiv.org/abs/quantph/0511136v1 / Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 37, pp. 192–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2005.11.002.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2005.11.002.
Saunders, Simon 2013: Indistinguishability. [In:] R. Batterman (ed.), Oxford Handbook in Philosophy of Physics. Oxford University Press.
Saunders, Simon 2020: The Concept ‘Indistinguishable’. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.003.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.003.
Schrödinger, Erwin 1921: Isotopie und Gibbssches Paradoxon. Zeitschrift für Physik 5, pp. 163–166. DOI: 10.1007/bf01329248.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01329248.
Schrödinger, Erwin 1925: Bemerkungen über die statistische Entropiedefinition beim idealen Gas. Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Physikalischmathematische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte, pp. 434–441.
Schrödinger, Erwin 1926: Zur Einsteinschen Gastheorie. Physikalische Zeitschrift 27, pp. 95–101.
Schrödinger, Erwin 1948: Statistical thermodynamics. Cambridge: At the University Press.
Schrödinger, Erwin 1984: Gesammelte Abhandlungen. Band 1 Beiträge zur statistischen Mechanik. Wien (Austria): Verlag der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Schweber, Silvan S. 2016: On Kuhnian and Hacking-Type Revolutions. [In:] Alexander Blum, Kostas Gavroglu, Christian Joas, Jergen Renn (eds.), Shifting paradigms: Thomas S. Kuhn and the History of Science. Berlin: Edition Open Access. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge, pp. 337–346, http://edition-open-access.de/proceedings/8/.
Sciortino, Luca 2017: On Ian Hacking’s Notion of Style of Reasoning. Erkenntnis 82(2), pp. 243–264. DOI: 10.1007/s10670-016-9815-9. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
303807983_On_Ian_Hacking%27s_Notion_of_Style_of_Reasoning
Smekal, A. 1926: Statistische und molekulare Theorie der Wärme. In: Bennewitz K. et al. (eds.) Theorien der Wärme. Handbuch der Physik, vol 9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.Available online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51358-9_3.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51358-9_3.
Smekal, A. 1926: Allgemeine Grundlagen der Quantenstatistik und Quantentheorie. [In :] Sommerfeld A. (eds) Encyklopädie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften mit Einschluss ihrer Anwendungen. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-663-16029-8_10.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-16029-8_10.
Spałek, Józef 2005a: Statystyka Natansona-Bosego-Einsteina? Krytyczne tak. Zwoje (The Scrolls)2(43), pp. 15. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20060916110943/http://www.zwoje-scrolls.com/zwoje43/text10p.htm.
Spałek, Józef 2005b: Statystyka Natansona-Bosego-Einsteina? Krytyczne tak. Postępy Fizyki 56(4), pp. 146–153. Available online: https://pf.ptf.net.pl/PF-2005-4/docs/PF-2005-4.pdf.
Spałek, Józef 2020: The Bose-Einstein statistics: Remarks on Debye, Natanson, and Ehrenfest contributions and the emergence of indistinguishability principle for quantum particles. Studia Historiae Scientiarum 19, pp. 423–441. DOI: 10.4467/2543702XSHS.20.013.12569.
https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.20.013.12569.
Stachel, John 2000/2002: Einstein’s Light Quantum Hypothesis, or Why Didn’t Einstein Propose a Quantum Gas a Decade-and-a-Half Earlier? [In:] Don Howard, John J. Stachel (eds.), Einstein: The Formative Years, 1879–1909 {“Einstein Studies”, vol. 8} (Boston: Birkhäuser, New York: Springer-Verlag), pp. 231–251. Reprinted in: Stachel, John J., Einstein from “B” to “Z”. {“Einstein Studies”, vol. 9} (Boston: Birkhäuser, 2002), pp. 427–444.
Średniawa, Bronisław 1985: History of theoretical physics at Jagiellonian University in Cracow in XIXth Century and in the first half of the XXth Century. “Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego”, DCCXXVII, “Prace Fizyczne”, Zeszyt 24. Warszawa – Kraków: PWN.
Średniawa, Bronisław 1996: Kontakty naukowe i współpraca polskich fizyków z Einsteinem. Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki 41(1), pp. 59–97. Available online: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki/
Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki-r1996-t41-n1/Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki-r1996-t41-n1-s59-98/Kwartalnik_Historii_Nauki_i_Techniki-r1996-t41-n1-s59-98.pdf.
Średniawa, Bronisław 2000: Władysław Natanson (1864–1937). [In:] Złota Księga Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Wydział Matematyki i Fizyki, pod red. B. Szafirskiego, Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, pp. 447–458. Available online: https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/item/242953/sredniawa_wladyslaw_natanson_1864-1937_2000.pdf.
Średniawa, Bronisław 2006: Scientific contacts of Polish physicists with Albert Einstein. [In:] M. Kokowski (ed.), The Global and the Local: The History of Science and the Cultural Integration of Europe. Proceedings of the 2nd ICESHS (Cracow, Poland, September 6–9, 2006), pp. 252–269. Available online: http://www.2iceshs.cyfronet.pl/2ICESHS_Proceedings/Chapter_10/R-2_Sredniawa.pdf.
Sudarshan, E. C. G.; Mehra, Jagdish 1970: Classical statistical mechanics of identical particles and quantum effects. International Journal of Theoretical Physics 3, pp. 245–251.
Swendsen, Robert H. 2015: The ambiguity of “distinguishability” in statistical mechanics. American Journal of Physics 83(6), pp. 545–554.
Wali, Kameshwar C. 2006: The Man Behind Bose Statistics. Physics Today 59(10), pp. 46-52. DOI: 10.1063/1.2387088. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/243391503.
Waniek, Magdalena; Hentschel, Klaus 2011: Nicht zu unterscheiden. Vor hundert Jahren erkannte der polnische Physiker Władysław Natanson als Erster die für Quantenstatistiken grundlegende Voraussetzung der Ununterscheidbarkeit. Physik Journal 10(5), pp. 39–44. Available online: https://www.pro-physik.de/restricted-files/101901.
Wasowski, Józef 1924: Apoteoza nauki. Oblicze natury: odczyty, przemówienia i szkice. Przez dra Władysława Ntansona. Kraków, Krakowska Spółka Wydawnicza 1924 str 4nl. i 231 i nl (Review). Wiadomości Literackie Rok I Nr 14, 6 kwietnia 1924, s. 3. Available online (Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust): http://www.lamoth.info/?p=digitallibrary/getfile&id=3272&usg=AOvVaw3cwpzk_I9cp51UHUqciqrR.
Wessels, Linda 1979: Schrödinger’s route to wave mechanics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 10(4), pp. 311–340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(79)90018-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(79)90018-9.
Whittaker, Edmund Taylor 1953: A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity. Vol. 2. The Modern Theories 1900–1926. Harper Torchbooks. The Science Library. London: Nelson.
Wigner, Eugene 1927a: Über nicht kombinierende Terme in der neueren Quantentheorie. Zeitschrift für Physik 40(7), pp. 492–500.
Wigner, Eugene 1927b: Über nicht kombinierende Terme in der neueren Quantentheorie. II. Teil 40 (11–12), pp. 883–892.
Wikipedia 2021: Quantum. Available online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum.

Information

Information: Studia Historiae Scientiarum, 2021, 20 (2021), pp. 439-507

Article type: Original article

Titles:

Polish:

Ladislas Natanson and Alfred Landé versus Planck’s law, the Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics and the Bose statistics

English:

Ladislas Natanson and Alfred Landé versus Planck’s law, the Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics and the Bose statistics

Authors

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5389-9051

Michał Kokowski
Studia Historiae Scientiarum (editor-in-chief)
Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences
Warszawa – Kraków, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5389-9051 Orcid
Contact with author
All publications →

Studia Historiae Scientiarum (editor-in-chief)

Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences
Warszawa – Kraków, Poland

Published at: 13.09.2021

Received at: 05.05.2021

Accepted at: 18.07.2021

Article status: Open

Licence: CC BY-NC-ND licence icon

Percentage share of authors:

Michał Kokowski (Author) - 100%

Article corrections:

-

Publication languages:

English

View count: 455

Number of downloads: 996

<p> Ladislas Natanson and Alfred Landé versus Planck’s law, the Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics and the Bose statistics</p>
Download PDF Download xml

Ladislas Natanson and Alfred Landé versus Planck’s law, the Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics and the Bose statistics

cytuj

Download PDF Pobierz

pobierz pliki

RIS BIB ENDNOTE