FAQ

Geneza i początki konfliktów etnicznych na Cyprze do roku 1912

Publication date: 10.12.2018

Central European and Balkan Studies, 2018, Tom XXVII, pp. 55 - 74

https://doi.org/10.4467/2543733XSSB.17.003.9978

Authors

Mariusz Misztal
University of the National Education Commission, Krakow
ul. Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
All publications →

Titles

Geneza i początki konfliktów etnicznych na Cyprze do roku 1912

Abstract

Origins of the ethnic conflicts in Cyprus

Numerous studies of the so-called “Cyprus problem” are devoted mainly to particular phases of the conflict, especially the period from 1958 to 1960, the activities of the EOKA, the period 1960–1964, the problems of the newly created republic and the 1974 division of Cyprus. Only rarely do we find references to the earlier history of Cyprus and there are still only few objective academic papers showing the genesis of the conflict.

The article presents the origins of ethnic conflicts of Cyprus, discussing the theories of the origin of the island’s first inhabitants, and the arrival of numerous Muslims on the island after the Turkish conquest in the 16th century. During the next three centuries, regardless of the subsequent developments, peaceful coexistence and fruitful cooperation of  oth communities – Christians and Muslims – are an authentic historical event and are not subject to any doubts. The situation began to change after the begining of the so-called “Cultural war” caused by, among others things, by spreading the idea of Great Greece. The takeover of Cyprus by the British in 1878 only strengthened the hopes of the Greek Cypriots of joining the island to Mother Greece, which resulted in the rise of nationalist feelings, both among Greek and Turkish Cypriots, and eventially led to the outbreak of the first ethnic conflicts in 1912.

References

Źródła archiwalne:

The National Archives, Kew, Records of the Colonial Office, Commonwealth and Commonwealth Offices

NA CO 67/128

NA CO 67/132

NA CO 67/149

NA CO 67/160

NA CO 67/161

NA CO 67/162

NA CO 67/164

NA CO 67/166

NA CO 67/167

NA CO 67/168

NA CO 67/170

NA CO 69/27

NA CO 69/28

NA CO 883/6

NA CO 883/7

NA FCO 141/2352

Cyprus National Archives, Secretariat Archives, Nicosia

SA1 876/1912

SA1 965/1912

SA1 1030/1912

SA1 1064/1912

SA1 1171/1912

SA1 1249/1911

SA1 1303/1912

Asmussen J., Patterns of Cypriot Identity or Why Cypriotism doesn’t Exist, [w:] Culture in Common – Living Cultures in the Cypriot Communities, red. D. Pilavas, Berlin 2003, s. 9–12.

Attalides M., The Turkish Cypriots: Their Relations to the Greek Cypriots in Perspective, [w:] Cyprus Reviewed, ed. M. Attalides, Nicosia 1977, s. 71–100.

Aymes M., A Provincial History of the Ottoman Empire. Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean in the Nineteenth Century, translated Adrian Morfee, London 2014.

Bahcheli T., Greek-Turkish Relations since 1955, Boulder, Westview Press 1990.

Barkan O. L., Les déportations comme method de peuplement et de colonisation dans l’empire Ottoman, Revue de la Faculté des Sciences Economiques de l’Universite d’Istanbul, 1949–1950, 11, s. 67–131.

Beckingham F., The Turks of Cyprus, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, No 2, July–December 1957, s. 165–174.

Bryant R., Signatures and ‘Simple Ones’: Constituting a Public in Cyprus circa 1900, [w:] Britain in Cyprus. Colonialism and Post-Colonialism, 1878–2006, ed. H. Faustmann and N. Peristanis, Monachium 2006, s. 79–98.

Chypre dans les sources arabes médiévales, ed. M. Tahar Mansouri, Nicosia 2001.

Diez Th., Last exit to paradise? The European Union, the Cyprus and the problematic „catalytic effect’, [w:] The European Union and the Cyprus Conflict. Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union, ed. Th. Diez, Manchester 2002, s. 139–162.

Divided Cyprus: Modernity, History, and an Island in Conflict, ed. Yiannis Papadakis, Nicos Peristianis, Gisela Welz Bloomington: University of Indiana, 2006.

Emilianides A. C., Η Εξέλιξις του Δικαίου των Μικτών Γάμων εν Κύπρω, από της Φραγκοκρατίας μέχρι σήμερον [Ewolucja prawa związanego z mieszanymi małżeństwami na Cyprze od czasów frankijskich do dzisiaj], Κυπριακαι Σπουδαι [Studia cypryjskie], 2, Nicosia 1938, s. 197–236.

Emilianides A. C., Η Ελληνικότης Κύπρου [Grecki Cypr], Nicosia 1992.

Etman A., History of Cyprus: The Island of Beauty and Pain from Antiquity to the Present Day, tłum. z arabskiego Ahlam Fathy Hassan, Cairo 2002.

Gazioğlu A. C., The Turks in Cyprus, Nicosia–London 1990.

Georghallides G., A Political and Administrative History of Cyprus, 1918–1926, 6: with a Survey of the Foundations of British Rule, Nicosia 1979.

Given M., Inventing the Eteocypriots: Imperialist Archaeology and the Manipulation of Ethnic Identity, „Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology”, 11, 1998, s. 3–29.

Griffiths P., Memories of Violence in Cyprus: Conflicting Perspectives and Dynamics of Reconciliation, niepublikowana praca doktorska, University of Exeter, 2011.

Hill G., History of Cyprus, 4 vols, Cambridge 1952.

Iacovou M., The Late Bronze Age Origins of Cypriot Hellenism and the Establishment of the Iron Age Kingdoms, [w:] From Ishtar to Aphrodite: 3200 Years of Cypriot Hellenism, red. S. Hadjisavvas, New York 2003, s. 79–85.

Kitromilides P., From Coexistence to Confrontation: The Dynamics of Ethnic Conflict in Cyprus, [w:] Cyprus Reviewed, ed. M. Attalides, Nicosia 1977, s. 35–70.

Kitromilides P., Repression and Protest in Traditional Society: Cyprus 1764, „Κυπριακαι Σπουδαι”, 1982, s. 91–101.

Kyprianos, Ιστορία χρονολογική της νήσου Κύπρου [Chronologiczna historia wyspy Cypr], Venetia 1788.

Kyrris C. P., The Role of Greeks in the Ottoman Administration of Cyprus, [w:] Πρακτικα του πρώτου Διεθνούς Κυπρολογικού Συνεδρίου, red. Th. Papadopoullos et al., 3 t., Nikosia 1972–1973, 3A: 155–179.

Kyrris C. P., Symbiotic Elements in the History of the Two Communities in Cyprus, [w:] International Symposium on Political Geography. Proceedings, Nicosia 1976, s. 127–166.

Kyrris C. P., Peaceful Co-existence in Cyprus under British Rule (1878–1959) and after Independence: An Outline, Nicosia 1977.

Kyrris C. P., The Nature of the Arab-Byzantine Relations in Cyprus from the middle of the 7 to the middle of the 10 century A.D., „Graeco-A rabica”, 3, 1984, s. 149–175.

Kyrris C. P., History of Cyprus, Nicosia 1985.

Lang H., Cyprus, London 1878.

Loizos P., The Progress of Greek Nationalism in Cyprus 1878–1976, London 1974.

Luke H., Cyprus under the Turks, 1571–1878, Oxford 1921.

Luke H. C., Jardine D. J., The Handbook of Cyprus, London 1920.

Metcalf D. M., Byzantine Cyprus, 491–1191, Nicosia 2009.

Michael M., Η Εκκλησία της Κύπρου κατά την οθωμανική περίοδο (1571–1878) [Kościół cypryjski w okresie osmańskim (1571–1878)], Nicosia 2005.

Misztal M., Historia Cypru, Kraków 2013.

Misztal M., Churchill’s Visit to Cyprus in 1907: Enosis and Constitutional Issues, Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Anglica, z. 3, 2013, s. 158–178.

Misztal M., Problem cypryjski a ‘wojna kulturowa’, [w:] Polska, Europa Środkowa, Europa Zjednoczona: księga jubileuszowa dedykowana profesorowi Józefowi Łaptosowi, red. Andrzej Kozera et al., Kraków 2014, s. 255–268.

Misztal M., The Offer of Cyprus to Greece in 1915: A British Diplomatic Failure, „Studia Historyczne”, 57, z. 4, 2014, s. 473–491.

Misztal M., Polityczna rola Kościoła prawosławnego na Cyprze w okresie turkokracji i na początku panowania brytyjskiego, Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne, t. XXIV, 2016, s. 15–34.

Misztal M., Linobambakoi, kryptochrześcijanie na Cyprze, [w:] Odmienność w kulturze, red. Aleksandra Rzepkowska, Toruń 2017, s. 113–128.

Misztal M., The 1912 British Offer of Cyprus to Greece and the Reaction of the Greek and Muslim Cypriots. A British Perspective, Almanach Historyczny, 19, 2017, s. 93–107.

Őksűzoğlu O., Persecution of Islam in Cyprus. A Document of Real Greek Intentions towards Muslim Turlish Cypriots, Nicosia 1982.

Orhonlu C., The Ottoman Turks Settle in Cyprus (1570–1580), [w:] Πρακτικα του πρώτου Διεθνούς Κυπρολογικού Συνεδρίου, red. T. Papadopoullos et al., t. 3, Nicosia, t. 3A, s. 257–261.

Ottoman Cyprus. A Collection of Studies on History and Culture, ed. M. N. Michael, M. Kappler, E. Gavriel, Wiesbaden 2009.

Papadakis Y., Narrative, Memory and History Education: A Comparison of Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot Schoolbooks on the „History of Cyprus”, „History and Memory”, 20, nr 2 (2008), s. 128–148.

Papadopoullos T., „Εθναρχικός ρόλος της Ορθοδόξου ιεραρχίας” [Etnarchiczna rola prawosławnej hierarchii], Κυπριακαί Σπουδαί, ΛΕ´ (1971), s. 95–141.

Pollis A., The Role of Foreign Powers in Structuring Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict in Cyprus, [w:] Cyprus and its People, ed. Vangelis Calotychos, Westview Press, 1998, s. 87–104.

Pollis A., International Factors and the Failure of Political Integration in Cyprus, [w:] Small States and Segmented Societies: National Political Integration in a Global Environment, ed. Stephanie G. Neuman, New York 1976, s. 44–78.

Reiterer A. F., Cyprus. Case Study about a Failure of Ethno-national Understanding, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2003.

Spyridakis K., Σύντοςμος ιστορία της Κύπρου [Krótka historia Cypru], Nicosia 1964. Storrs R., Orientations, London 1937.

Suha A., Turkish Education in Cyprus, [w:] Πρακτικα του πρώτου Διεθνούς Κυπρολογικού Συνεδρίου, 3A: 355–375.

Varnava A., British Imperialism in Cyprus, 1878–1915. The Inconsequential Possession, Manchester 2009.

Volkan V. D., Cyprus – War and Adaptation, Charlottesville 1979.

Weir W. W., Education in Cyprus. Some Theories and Practices in Education in the Island of Cyprus since 1878, Nicosia 1952.

Information

Information: Central European and Balkan Studies, 2018, Tom XXVII, pp. 55 - 74

Article type: Original article

Titles:

Polish:

Geneza i początki konfliktów etnicznych na Cyprze do roku 1912

English:

Origins of the ethnic conflicts in Cyprus

Authors

University of the National Education Commission, Krakow
ul. Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland

Published at: 10.12.2018

Article status: Open

Licence: CC BY-NC-ND  licence icon

Percentage share of authors:

Mariusz Misztal (Author) - 100%

Article corrections:

-

Publication languages:

Polish

View count: 2135

Number of downloads: 3263

<p> Origins of the ethnic conflicts in Cyprus</p>