Słowa kluczowe: Hasmoneans, Herod, political Judaism, Jerusalem, Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE), “Camp of the Assyrians”, Third Wall, Second Wall, Damascus Gate, archaeology of Jerusalem, legio IV Flavia in the East, Parthian wars, Bar Kochba revolt, progressive Judaism, Kraków, Galicia, Tempel synagogue, 19th century, preacher, Moritz Duschak, Samuel Landau, integrationist, integration, assimilation, Polonization, Lvov, Galicia, Polish-Jewish relations, anti-Semitism, Aliyah, Bobowa, Holocaust, Jerusalem’s modern history, the Halberstam family, Hasidism, Germany, the State of Israel, Mainz, Mahzike ha-das, migration, Mizrahi, orthodoxy, Abraham Stub, Zionism, Jewish family, anti-Semitism, the image of the Jew, folklore, demonology, medicine, Jewish-Slavic relations, Bund, Tsukunft, women, gender, interwar Poland, Jewish art collectors, Jewish collectors; provenance research, B’nai B’rith, Kraków, Lvov, Milanowek, Holocaust, National Museum in Kraków, Association of Friends of Fine Arts, Nowy Dziennik, Polish artists of Jewish origin, Polish art collectors of Jewish origin, Jewish heritage in Kraków, Emil Beres, Rudolf Beres, Chaim Nachman Bialik, Maurycy Gottlieb, Jacek Malczewski, Jozef Stieglitz, Sasza Blonder, André Blondel, art, avant-garde, Jews, Grupa Krakowska, Kraków, WWII, Yiddish literature on the Holocaust, Jewish survivors, the Soviet Union; occupied Poland, ghettoized Jews, resistance, passivity, Jews of Egypt, Maghrebi Jews, Sephardim, Sephari Jews, Egypt, Maghreb, Mizrahi