Nature and intrinsic value
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RIS BIB ENDNOTENature and intrinsic value
Publication date: 21.12.2020
Principia, 2020, Volume 67, pp. 49 - 85
https://doi.org/10.4467/20843887PI.20.003.13833Authors
Nature and intrinsic value
Questions about the intrinsic value of nature are not only an abstract philosophical speculation, they have a practical meaning, can inspire and motivate people to act. Environmental ethics attempts to overcome the anthropocentric and personalistic attitude of traditional ethics. It emphasizes the intrinsic value of nature, value, which is independent from humans.
Within non-anthropocentric environmental ethics there are individualistic and holistic trends. Biocentric individualism raises problems with resolving conflicts of interests of different organisms, with the hierarchy of beings, while holistic ethics does not count with the well-being of individuals. Ethical holism should be contrasted with practical holism as a methodological postulate.
The pragmatic current of ecological ethics acknowledges that the good of people and the intrinsic good of nature coincide. In a pluralistic, liberal society there should be a convergence of radical, biocentric and moderate, anthropocentric concepts of ecological ethics.
Keywords: intrinsic value, environmental ethics, anthropocentrism, biocentrism, holism, pragmatism.
Przyroda i wartość samoistna
Pytania o samoistną wartość przyrody to nie tylko abstrakcyjna spekulacja filozoficzna, mają one znaczenie praktyczne, mogą inspirować i motywować do działania. Etyka środowiskowa próbuje przezwyciężyć antropocentryczne i personalistyczne nastawienie tradycyjnej etyki. Podkreśla samoistną, niezależną od człowieka wartość przyrody.
W ramach nieantropocentrycznej etyki środowiskowej występują nurty indywidualistyczne i holistyczne. Biocentryczny indywidualizm rodzi problemy z rozstrzyganiem konfliktów interesów różnych organizmów, z hierarchizacją istot, holistyczna etyka zaś nie liczy się z dobrem jednostek. Holizmowi etycznemu należy przeciwstawić holizm praktyczny jako postulat metodologiczny.
Na gruncie pragmatycznego nurtu etyki ekologicznej uznaje się, że dobro ludzi i samoistne dobro przyrody jest zbieżne. W pluralistycznym, liberalnym społeczeństwie powinna mieć miejsce konwergencja radykalnych, biocentrycznych oraz umiarkowanych, antropocentrycznych koncepcji etyki ekologicznej.
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Information: Principia, 2020, Volume 67, pp. 49 - 85
Article type: Original article
Titles:
Nature and intrinsic value
Nature and intrinsic value
Published at: 21.12.2020
Article status: Open
Licence: CC BY-NC-ND
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English