The subject of the article is the issue of widely understood social and economic aspects related to the history of the landed gentry in the Kingdom of Poland in the post-January decade. The adopted border turning points were marked by the failure of the uprising and the introduction of the enfranchisement reform (1864) and the death of governor Fiodor Berg as well as the agricultural exhibition in Warsaw (1874). That decade was a clearly outlined period - important above all in the economic history of the country and in the context of the experiences that the village and the manor house had. Those years were crucial for the gentry. The consequences of enfranchisement, in the reality of the brutally suppressed independence uprising and in the atmosphere of post-January terror, closed the era of manor and serf economy. The opening of the door for the development of capitalist relations, combined with a comprehensive reconstruction of the agricultural system, led many estates to ruin and forced many heirs to be declassed. For others, it was a challenge to thoroughly transform and modernize farming methods, which was not always associated with later economic successes. The new deal brought social and mental transformations, the rejection of traditional habits and state prejudices, to the agenda. All these interdependent phenomena created a picture that shimmered with different colors, which I think is worth re-drawing in the anniversary year.