Yuliia Ivashko

The article deals with the issue of urban development at the Secession period, it reveals the role of a private estate as an urban-planning unit of the late 19th century – beginning of the 20th century, analyses the specific features of private estates in different cities of Ukraine. The role of the historical and architectural site plans in modern conditions for the preservation of the historical environment of the cities was determined.

Historically, the urban situation in the cities and towns of Persia and Algeria was highly specific. The hot dry climate contributed to a street network, which was protected from the sun as much as possible. Climate conditions determined the appearance of houses with flat roofs, small windows and white walls. The entire urban planning system had the main centre - the city (town) mosque. There were smaller mosques in the structure of residential areas, densely surrounded by houses. Just as under the influence of climate a certain type of residential building took shape, these same factors formed a characteristic type of mosque in the housing environment.

Globalist trends have affected even such a conservative sphere as Islamic religious architecture, as it gradually toned down striking regional features, which is explained by the typicality of modern building materials and structures and the international activity of various architectural and construction firms in different corners of the world. Over the centuries, two opposing images of the mosque have emerged - the pointedly magnificent Persian and the fortress-type of Maghreb (typical for Algeria) types. This paper reviews how specific climatic conditions and historical processes influenced the use of building materials, structures and decoration in the mosques of Persia’s and Algeria’s different regions.

Today we observe an erosion of regional features in the form and layout of modern mosques, which are analysed on the basis of the examples given. On the basis of a comparison of authentic mosques and erected by foreigners, it is proved how local features are gradually being eliminated and what this leads to.

The Secession style was the last style with the highly expressed artist’s individuality not only in architecture, paintings but also in lighting devices. One of the sources of the European Secession was the Japanese art: the inspiration that Japanese artists drew from nature, using its lines and forms was quickly assimilated by their European counterparts. The original features of Secession style in Ukraine present not only in facade’s composition, decor but also in original lamps – for example in the interiors of the House of Chimaeras (in the entrance hall) or of the Kachkovsky Clinic stairwell, connected with the idea of “Gesamtkunstwerk” – the total space of art. During the time of Vladislav Gorodetsky, the author of the House of Chimaeras all the lamps in his own unusual house were designed by the author. During the restoring of the House with Chimaeras specialists of the “Ukrrestavratsiya” corporation restored and reconstructed interior’s elements according to the author’s drawings or in the same style.

This paper discusses the analysis of modern landscaping trends. Today’s challenges and environmental issues that reduce landscaping area in large cities force us to search for new landscaping trends. Amid global environmental problems, the popularity of green areas attached to private homes is increasing. Despite avant-garde trends, there is a growing interest in traditional oriental gardens, both Chinese and Japanese, based on the principles of harmony between human and nature. At the same time, the arrangement of modern Chinese-style private gardens in Ukraine and other Post-Soviet territories, without a deep understanding of fundamental methods, including ‘one lake, three mountains’, ‘garden in a garden’, ‘mountains–water’, sets such gardens apart from true Chinese design. By comparing the historical Chinese pavilions and modern Chinese-style arbours, their non-conformity has been proven, and it recommended to arrange modern Chinese-style gardens based on the use of time-honoured traditions.

The article introduces a study methodology of the architectural periodization of Algerian mosques based on the systematic structural analysis. The specificity of the Islamic architectural school of Algeria is the simultaneous combination of the traditions of many cultures, imported from other countries, and local, different within certain regions. In the cities of Algeria, mosques with different spatial organization have survived: the so-called Arabian column type, the Maghreb type, the Khari­jites type and the Ottoman type. As in the Islamic world in general, a special role in the mosques of Algeria is devoted to ritual ablution.

The principles of the formation of the urban planning space of cities of Western and Central Ukraine during the period of Secession, the role of profitable residential development in the city structure are analyzed. The differences between the Secession development of Lviv, Chernivtsi, Stanislaviv and Kiev are identified, examples of the main ensembles and individual buildings are given. Using the example of the house of architect Władysław Horodecki (the so-called House with Chimaeras), we have highlighted the specific features of restoration of buildings of the era of Secession.

The article deals with the specifics of lighting of stave churches of Ukraine and stone temples, erected or rebuilt during the 19th century. It explains how the approach to the lighting of Orthodox churches changed during the Synodical period. The Ukrainian experience of solving the issue of lighting of restoration and reconstruction objects was described. The specifics of lighting the interiors of church structures is illustrated by the examples of the Dormition Cathedral of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra and the Saint Vladimir Cathedral in Chersonese. The specifics of lighting of restoration objects is based on the need to combine the conformity to the authentic view of light fittings (according the photos from the archive) and modern lighting technologies, so in many cases light fittings are manufactured in the limited quantity under the author’s drawings.