Tomasz Lipecki

An analysis of the response of steel chimneys to wind action is presented in this paper. The approaches presented in the Polish standards and in Eurocode 1 referring to steel chimneys and wind action are shown here. Comparisons of along-wind and crosswind action according to these procedures are made. Responses to the wind action, i.e. displacements of the top of each chimney, are compared. Real chimneys were analyzed. In almost every case, significant vibrations due to vortex excitation was observed. Structural data was obtained from the literature. All chimneys and wind actions were modelled in FEM system – Autodesk Mechanical Simulation 2013. Very significant differences of the crosswind response were observed when analyzing two approaches proposed by Eurocode. Lateral displacements were larger than longitudinal displacements in many analyzed cases.

Geodetic surveys are used in an inventory of a lot of industries, including documentary of historic objects. One of the hardest historic objects that need to be inventoried are underground ones. Observations of rock mass movements and their consequences are very crucial issues, especially in the aspect of protection of historical objects, therefore it is needed to implement special methods (especially non-invasive) and specialist protection. In Poland there are few underground UNESCO mines and a lot of other objects of historical importance, for example built by Nazi Germans. Authors describe the following measurement methods: tacheometric surveys, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS),  leveling and as supporting methods: Airplane Laser Scanning (and its product: LIDAR), Global Positioning System and satellite images or geophysics methods.
There were inventory surveys conducted in Project Riese (German form – Giant) in Góry Sowie, Central Sudetes (Poland), is the biggest mining and building project of Second World War Germany. Until today, due to the lack of documentation, the purpose of these construction is uncertain. There are only hypothesis rather than facts. Currently, six underground complexes– Osówka, Włodarz, Soboń, Rzeczka, Jugowice, Gontowa, Książ Castle are discovered in the area of Góry Sowie. There are some speculations that all complexes were supposed to be combined. Some of the researchers of Góry Sowie secrets claim that kilometers of tunnels are still able to be discovered in the future. During the inventory the combination of classical measurements technologies and modern surveys methods were used – terrestrial laser scanner, tacheometry and GNSS measurements. Authors used collected data to analyze geometrical relations between objects Complex underground and ground of Osówka. This allowed to verify location of objects in relations to each other which was not previously presented in research. Many sections and profiles of excavations, sketches and maps were made.

This paper considers the dependence of pressure fields on surfaces of rectangular prisms obtained from wind tunnel experiments on boundary layer characteristics. Six different variants of boundary layer flows were simulated in the wind tunnel. The qualitative coefficients of correlation Rs between the wind pressure coefficient Cp or its standard deviation σp and parameters describing boundary layer flows (wind speed profile, turbulence intensity profile, power spectral density) were estimated in order to determine how wind parameters influence surface pressure. Five rectangular prisms were placed in the wind tunnel. The following ratios of prism dimensions were adopted: D/B/H = 1:2:20 (R5); 1:2:10 (R3); 1:2:5 (R1); 1:4:20 (R4); 1:4:10 (R2).