Przemysław Marcin Żukowski

The article sets out to present the history of the departments of Law and Criminal Procedure at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius through the prism of the two professors Bronisław Wróblewski and Stefan Glaser. They differed in almost everything (except the place of employment); place of birth, almae matres, and above all the way of pursuing academic passion. Unfortunately, their relationship was significantly affected by their differences in the field of politics too. Wróblewski adamantly believed that criminal law and procedure should be lectured and researched separately, whereas Glaser felt otherwise, perhaps on account of his practical experience. The disputes between both of them concerned inter alia Glaser’s professorship appointment and his election to be dean, the reassignment of the academic tasks of their departments, and last but not least – granting them full professorships.

This presentation portrays leading politicians and military men of the Third Republic of France between March 1938 and April 1940. The text is based on press articles, diaries and diplomatic sources of Polish provenance. The paper’s objective is to show prominent politicians and military chiefs of France, which was a Poland’s ally since 1921, as perceived by the Polish public opinion in time when the fate of Europe hung in the balance.
The paper is divided into four parts. In the first part it describes the gradual departure from political ideas as represented by Le Front Populaire (the Peoples’ Front), almost univocally criticized in Poland, which ended in the designation of Edouard Daladier as Prime Minister of France. The second part covers nearly one year of E. Daladier’s government (the of middle of 1938 – the beginning 1939), when this new cabinet gained considerable trust and confidence upon the Vistula river, since Poles believed that this was a cabinet of national revival, which France needed much at this time. The next part is dedicated to the period preceding the outbreak of the Second War World and just after its beginning. At that time there were attempts to emphasize the military strength of the Third Republic and the outstanding personalities of its chiefs. However, one may find some information, which proved the reluctance of the French as well as their lack of preparation for the war. The last part refers to the spring and summer of 1940 and deals with two different opinions concerning the political and military situation of those days. On the one hand the Polish were proud of their heroic defense of their homeland in September 1939. On the other hand, they felt sadness and disappointment because of another defeat they had to experience. They also suffered because they lost hope for their prompt return to Poland, which could have only been possible upon the Allies’ victory.

Krzyżanowski was the son of Stanisław, who was a professor of history at Jagiellonian University, and Wanda, née Studnicka. His younger brother, Witold, was a professor of political economy and dean of the Law Faculty at Jagiellonian University.
After his matura exams at St. Anne’s gymnasium he began to study at the Law Faculty at Jagiellonian University. After graduation he went on to complete a doctoral degree. In the meantime, he spent one term listening to lectures at the University of Vienna. Following which he started to work as a volunteer apprentice in the National Bank of Poland. He also began an apprenticeship as a barrister. After the First World War he worked at the State Treasury Solicitors’ Office, first in Cracow, then in Vilnius.
His work in public administration had its influence on Krzyżanowski’s academic interests. In 1924 he published Trybunał Kompetencyjny. Studium z zakresu polskiego prawa publicznego, which qualified him for UJ’s veniam legendi in 1925. At the same time, due principally to a shortage of scientific staff, a chair of administrative law at the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius sat vacant. Krzyżanowski seemed to be the best candidate, but negotiations between the State Treasury Solicitors’ Office and the University were very long. Krzyżanowski was forced to give lectures as a substitute professor for several years, because the Ministry of Religion and Public Education didn’t permit him to be a titular professor. They treated his work at the University as being extraneous.
Finally, on January 1, 1927 Krzyżanowski was reassigned to the State Treasury Solicitors’ Office in Vilnius and he also received permission to lecture at the University in Vilnius. Unfortunately, he died within a few months after a short illness.
The paper contains a biography of Kazimierz Maria Krzyżanowski, along with an inventory of his scientific output.

I think it is very difficult to give a straightforward answer to the question from the title. However, it is possible to notice some common areas of academic relations. The chief point of reference to these considerations will be the staff of the Jagiellonian University. On the threshold of Poland’s independence, the common ground for cooperation were the Paris and Riga Conferences, the Bureau of Congress Work at the Polish Delegation, and the Polish-Soviet Joint Re-evacuation and Special Committees. The Jagiellonian University graduates and staff took up administrative positions at the diplomatic posts in Moscow and Paris. Contacts were established between universities, professors and students. Scholarships were given and anniversaries of universities and other academic institutions were observed. A great number of people who graduated from the Polish universities in Galicia continued their education in Paris. Likewise, graduates from the universities of the Russian Empire went on to study in Kraków or the Third Republic.
 

“The Memoirs of Pobóg-Malinowski – one is able to read in the draft version of the publisher’s announcement – present not only a gallery of characters, the majority of whom have become a permanent part of history…[…] Many of Pobóg’s accounts have turned out to be a revelation and the immensity of factual data contained in the memoirs – have proved to be an invaluable source of information for future historians.”
The present publication constitutes a second part of the autobiographical notes of Wladyslaw Pobóg-Malinowski which were published in the Academic Papers of the Jagiellonian University (ZNUJ) last year. In the first part, the author describes the period of his childhood and youth, as well as the time of his service in the armed forces. It was Pobóg’s first literary attempts that had opened the road to his future post in the Army Historical Bureau and subsequently in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; they had also facilitated his work on the edition of the works of marshal Józef Piłsudski. It is precisely the period of his abandonment of the post of officer in the army regiment in Złoczów and his subsequent transfer to Warsaw that is described on the pages of the current fragment of the memoirs.
Władysław Pobóg-Malinowski (1899–1962) is remembered by us chiefly as the author of the “Recent Political History of Poland.” Both his rich and varied life as well as his vast knowledge are reflected in the memoirs. Yet, if it has not been for a few coincidences – e.g. the less than complimentary reviews after the publication of the fragments of his memoirs entitled “On the Rumanian Crossroads” in the Paris “Kultura,” his inborn inability to express his thoughts in a concise manner, his inability to present things in a brief manner, and to put it bluntly, his stubbornness and quarrelsomeness – then we can risk saying that it would not be the above-mentioned multi-volume work, but the equally voluminous memoirs of Pobog-Malinowski that would fulfill the same function as his flagship publication which has appeared in so many copies and editions.