Maria Joanna Turos

The work shows one of the less known issues related to the January Uprising, regarding helping insurgents injured in the fighting. These activities were much more difficult, which prompted Polikarp Girsztowt and other members of the Medical Commission to establish the institution of “wandering surgery”. It also presents profi les of doctors and documentation of their work, which in various forms was transmitted even to foreign periodicals - here Austrian ones, which allowed wider circles of European society to become familiar with the problems they encountered.

This text raises the problem of the beginning of procedures performed in the early nineteenth century on the pericardial sac, and especially punctures in the event of fl uid buildup. Thus, he presents the contribution of Dominique Jean Larrey to the foundations for later cardiac surgery.

The last days of the Polish-Russian war of 1831 are the storming of Warsaw. This fact is generally perceived through the prism of military operations, but no less important was the operation of the military health service headed by Karol Kaczkowski acting as the chief staff doctor. Risking his own life, he rushed to help soldiers injured in combat, along with his subordinate medics, including foreigners. After the capitulation of the capital, the Russians who entered the city treated the wounded and sick with all brutality. Traces have survived, among others in the little-known in Poland diary of the Swedish physician Sven Jonas Stille.

At the turn of 1806/07, French troops fought a series of battles and skirmishes with the Russian army in northern Mazovia. Wounded and sick soldiers were taken to fi eld hospitals, often organized just outside the area of military operations. Determining the locations of such institutions allows for the verifi cation of the burial sites and, at the same time, for the commemoration of both the soldiers who died there and the staff employed.

Reconstructive surgery has a long way to go. In Europe, Dominique Jean Larrey surgeon, humanist and innovator wrote a very interesting card in this area. In addition to practical actions often taken on the battlefields of the Napoleonic era, he devoted a signifi ant part of his scientifi c achievements to the problems of maxillofacial surgery, also educating his students in this direction. And here is a handful of messages from over two hundred years ago.

The appearance of cholera in Poland was a signifi cant epidemiological problem. One of the fi rst works devoted to the etiology, the search for methods of therapy as well as the necessary hygienic and sanitary measures to prevent the spread of this disease was written in 1830 by Michał Kaczkowski. His work, despite the passage of years, still deserves attention.

The military health service of the Kingdom of Poland was organized on the basis of a specifically prepared document, namely Przepisy służby zdrowia wyięte z ogólnego urządzenia Administracyi i Rachuby wewnętrznej dla Woyska Polskiego wszelkiej broni zatwierdzonego przez Komitet Woyskowy. In its content, no aspect of activity was neglected, ranging from equipping hospitals to crucial issues of education and professional preparation of medical staff. The attempts to equate the medical staff with the officers were initiated though not completed. For the first time a permanent institution of medium medical staff was introduced. These were field surgeons, for whom also a special school was founded in Warsaw. The text elaborates these issues.

This text is an attempt to systematize data and answer the question what happened in Jaffa during the evacuation of wounded and sick from the city during the retreat of Napoleonic troops in May 1799, and to find people who were personally responsible for administering poison to the most severely ill.

The text discusses two vital issues dealt with in the document titled Healthcare Provisions Extracted from the General Ordinance of the Administration and Internal Account for the Polish Armed Forces of all Branches Approved by the Military Committee (1815), namely the nutrition and pharmaceutical supplies for sick and wounded soldiers.

Jean Dominique Larrey, one of the most eminent surgeons of the turn of 18^th and 19^th century and the creator of medical emergency aid, often came in contact with Poles serving in the Napoleonic Army. He came to Poland twice, and his actions in January 1807 were an impulse to create first a military, and in 1809, a civilian Medical School in Warsaw. His experiences from the campaign of 1806–1807 were also a reason for two texts that he included in his Memoires. The article is devoted to his connections with Poles and Poland.