Marcin Mleczak
History Notebooks, Issue 143 (3), 2016, pp. 609-614
https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.16.030.5227Marcin Mleczak
History Notebooks, Issue 142 (1), 2015, pp. 167-170
Book review:
Jesus Palacios, Stanley G. Payne, Franco. A Personal and Political Biography, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 2014, ss. 617+XII
Marcin Mleczak
History Notebooks, Issue 144 (3), 2017, pp. 559-575
https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.17.031.6946The Restoration in Spain (1874–1931) has been arousing controversy among historians for a long period of time. During the Restoration, the situation in the country was rather stable and its economic growth was slow, but steady. The origins of the bad reputation of the Restoration can be associated with the defeat in the war with the United States (1898) and with the economic backwardness – in comparison with the most powerful nations of Europe (e.g. France or the UK). Nowadays, historians are stressing the fact that Europe’s social and economic growth was not stable in the period of fin de siècle. Some elements of Spanish society – like the structure of the elites – were relatively modern in the context of the epoch, and Spain was not a country dominated by landlords and aristocracy from the Black Legend (la leyenda negra) images.