Marcin Koczan

The article contains theoretical considerations on the scope of meaning of the notion of energy security, energy transformation and the power sector. The author describes the main goals of the European Union’s climate and energy policy as the main factor influencing Poland’s energy policy. The article also defines the horizontal goals of the energy transformation described in the strategic document Poland’s Energy Policy until 2040.

This study analyses the first energy and climate package adopted in 2008 (the so-called „20-20-20” package), setting goals for the European Union and the member states by 2020. Then describes the process of shaping the goals of the energy and climate policy of the European Union until 2030. The author focuses on the aspects that affect the electricity sector in Poland, boost renewable energy usage, re‑form the European energy market and reducing CO2 emissions. The text ends with conclusions and recommendations regarding the impact of the European Union’s energy and climate policy on the electricity sector in Poland.

The article describes the evolution of the gas relations model between Russia and Ukraine, which is important for the European gas market. For almost the entire period after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia kept a dominant position in gas relations with Ukraine. The authorities in Kiev periodically attempted to reduce Moscow’s dominance, but they manifested political declarations rather than real action. In recent years Ukraine has strengthened position in bilateral relations, mainly due to three elements: internal reforms, strengthening of Ukraine’s energy independence as well as the determination of the Kiev authorities to assert their rights in international arbitration. Although significant were the processes taking place in the international environment regardless of the Ukrainian authorities.