ejournals

Information

Biography

Stawiak-Ososińska Małgorzata – dr hab., prof. Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, pedagog, historyk wychowania.

Afilliation

The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce

ul. Stefana Żeromskiego 5, Kielce

Poland

Articles

Sort:

Author

„Niech zniknie ciemnota i nieuświadomienie młodych kobiet” – Szkoły Matek i ich działalność na rzecz krzewienia oświaty sanitarnej i higienicznej w latach 50. XX w.

Małgorzata Stawiak-Ososińska

Modern medicine, Volume 30 (2024) Supplement II, 2024, pp. 247 - 272

https://doi.org/10.4467/12311960MN.24.041.20099

The everyday living conditions of Polish society after the end of World War II were not conducive to maintaining any sanitary standards, and the lack of knowledge about personal and environmental hygiene resulted in high mortality. This was particularly visible among the rural population and workers from the countryside. The socialist authorities made it a point of honor to provide healthcare to all citizens, but also to reach as many young women as possible with information on how to take care of themselves during pregnancy and the postpartum period, what conditions to provide the newborn so that it can develop properly, how to prevent unwanted pregnancies, what symptoms may indicate the occurrence of serious diseases. The task of promoting sanitary education rested with all healthcare workers. In 1950, a propaganda campaign called the School of Mothers was launched, addressed to pregnant women and young mothers. This action was approved by the Ministry of Health and spread very quickly throughout the country. In practice, it consisted of giving talks, lectures, lectures combined with demonstrations and practical exercises. Obstetrics and gynecology departments in hospitals, maternity wards, K clinics and D clinics in district and peripheral clinics, as well as health centers were obliged to conduct it. The aim of this article is to show the circumstances of the creation and experience of the first Mothers’ School, present the types of Mothers’ Schools and the scope of sanitary and hygienic knowledge transferred within them.

PDF

Author

Instytucjonalna opieka położnicza nad kobietą ciężarną i rodzącą w Polsce w okresie PRL-u

Małgorzata Stawiak-Ososińska

Modern medicine, Volume 29 (2023) Suplement, 2023, pp. 227 - 252

https://doi.org/10.4467/12311960MN.23.029.18753

Summary After the end of World War II, Poland began a period of reconstruction of the country, but also of great ideological changes. A new regime was introduced, which set as its goal the nationalization of all branches of the economy. One of the areas of implementation of the new policy was health care. However, the introduction of all intentions was not immediately possible due to the massive destruction of the material base and the shortage of qualified medical staff. One of the demands of the new government was to universalize the health service and provide free care to all citizens. Obstetric care had a special place in these plans. It was considered necessary to create as soon as possible a network of facilities where parturients would be able to give birth in proper sanitary conditions under the care of qualified personnel, and thus limit the practice of the time being reduced to the use of unqualified village midwives for deliveries. In view of the insufficient number of gynecological-obstetrical hospitals, they began to create hitherto unknown institutions, which were intended to be located mainly in villages, so that they would be relatively close to the women giving birth. These institutions were birthing rooms and obstetric units. The text shows the specifics of the functioning of these three institutions providing perinatal assistance – functioning throughout the entire period of the People’s Poland – as well as the social perception of the services provided in them.

PDF

Małgorzata Stawiak-Ososińska

The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce ( Poland)

Biography