FAQ

Parthian-Armenian Relations from the 2nd Century BCE to the Second Half of the 1st Century CE

Publication date: 02.07.2021

ELECTRUM, 2021, Volume 28, pp. 41 - 57

https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909EL.21.005.13363

Authors

Edward Dąbrowa
Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9324-9096 Orcid
All publications →

Titles

Parthian-Armenian Relations from the 2nd Century BCE to the Second Half of the 1st Century CE

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present Parthian-Armenian relations from the end of the 2nd century BCE to the so-called Treaty of Rhandeia (63 CE). This covers the period from the first contact of both states to the final conclusion of long-drawn-out military conflicts over Armenia between the Arsacids ruling the Parthian Empire and Rome. The author discusses reasons for the Parthian involvement in Armenia during the rule of Mithradates II and various efforts of the Arsacids to win control over this area. He also identifies three phases of their politics towards Armenia in the discussed period.

References

Download references
Badian, E. (1959), Sulla’s Cilician Command, Athenaeum 37: 279–303.
Bellinger, A. R. (1948–1949), Seleucid Dura: The Evidence of the Coins, Berytus 9: 51–67.
Bendschus, T. (2018), Tigranes V. und seine Münzen. Armenische Herrscherlegitimation des frühen 1. Jhdts. n. Chr. im Spiegel der numismatischen Zeuginisse, Numismatische Zeitschrift 124: 9–54.
Bivar, A. D. H. (1983), The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids, in: E. Yarshater (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History of Iran, vol. III, part 1: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods, Cambridge: 21–99.
Börm, H. (2019), Die Grenzen des Grosskönigs? Überlegungen zur arsakidisch-sasanidischen Politik gegenüber Rom, in: F. Schleicher et al. (eds.), Iberien zwischen Rom und Iran. Beiträge zur Ge­schichte und Kultur Transkaukasiens in der Antike, Stuttgart: 99–122.
Cagniart, P. F. (1991), L. Cornelius Sulla in the Nineties: A Reassessment, Latomus 50: 285–303.
Chaumont, M.-L. (1976), L’Arménie entre Rome et l’Iran, I. De l’avèvement d’Auguste a l’avènement de Dioclètien, ANRW II,9.1, Berlin–New York: 71–194.
Chaumont, M.-L. (1985–1988), a propos des premières interventions Parthes en Arménie et des circon­stances de l’avènement de Tigrane le Grand, Acta Antiqua 31: 13–25.
Dąbrowa, E. (1983), La politique de l’État parthe à l’égard de Rome – d’Artabane II à Vologèse I (ca 11 – ca 79 de n.è.) et les facteurs qui la conditionnaient, Kraków.
Dąbrowa, E. (1984), Le programme de la politique en Occident des derniers Arsacides. Essai de recon­stitution, Iranica Antiqua 19: 149–165.
Dąbrowa, E. (1998a), The Governors of Roman Syria from Augustus to Septimius Severus, Bonn.
Dąbrowa, E. (1998b), Philhellên. Mithridate Ier et les Grecs, Electrum 2: 35–44.
Dąbrowa, E. (2002), ‘... ostentasse Romana arma satis ...’: The Military Factor in Roman-Parthian Relations under Augustus and Tiberius, in: Ph. Freeman et al. (eds.), Limes XVIII: Proceedings of the XVIIIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies Held in Amman, Jordan (September 2000), Oxford: 275–279.
Dąbrowa, E. (2005), Les aspects politiques et militaires de la conquête parthe de la Mésopotamie, Electrum 10: 73–88.
Dąbrowa, E. (2006), The Conquests of Mithradates I and the Numismatic Evidence, Parthica 8: 37–40.
Dąbrowa, E. (2011), Studia Graeco-Parthica: Political and Cultural Relation between Greeks and Parthians, Wiesbaden.
Dąbrowa, E. (2018), Arsacid Dynastic Marriages, Electrum 25: 73–83.
Debevoise, N. C. (1938), a Political History of Parthia, Chicago, Ill.
Del Monte, G. F. (1997), Testi dalla Babilonia ellenistica, vol. I: Testi cronografici, Pisa–Roma.
Eck, W., Caballos, A., Fernández, F. (1996), Das senatum consultum de Cn. Pisone patre, München.
Edwell, P. M. (2008), Between Rome and Persia: The Middle Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Palmyra under Roman Control, London–New York.
Geller, M., Traina, G. (2013), “Tigranu, the Crown Prince of Armenia”: Evidence from the Babylonian Astronomical Diaries, Klio 95: 447–454.
Hackl, U., Jacobs, B., Weber, D. (eds.) (2010), Quellen zur Geschichte des Partherreiches. Textsammlung mit Übersetzungen und Kommentaren, vol. 2, Göttingen–Oakville, CT.
Huber, I., Hartmann, U. (2006), ‚Denn ihrem Diktat vermochte der König nicht zu wiedersprechen…‘. Die Position der Frauen am Hof der Arsakiden, in: A. Panaino, A. Piras (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Conference of the Societas Iranologica Europea Held in Ravenna, 6–11 October 2003, vol. 1: Ancient and Middle Iranian Studies, Milano: 485–517.
Karras-Klapproth, M. (1988), Prosopographische Studien zur Geschichte des Partherreiches auf der Grundlage antiker literarischer Überlieferung, Bonn.
Kovacs, F. L. (2014), Artaxias III and a Numismatic Enigma, Armenian Numismatic Journal, Ser. II, 10: 19–25.
Kovacs, F. L. (2016), Armenian Coinage in the Classical Period, Lancaster, PA–London.
Liebmann-Frankfort, Th. (1969), La frontière orientale dans la politique extérieure de la République romaine depuis le traité d’Apamée jusqu’à la fin des conquêtes asiatiques de Pompée (189/8–63), Bruxelles.]
Luther, A. (2018), Zu den Dokumenten aus Avroman, Gymnasium 125: 155–177.
Minns, E. H. (1915), Parchments of the Parthian Period from Avroman in Kurdistan, JHS 35: 22–65.
Neusner, J. (1963), Parthian Political Ideology, Iranica Antiqua 3: 40–59.
Olbrycht, M. J. (2010), The Early Reign of Mithradates II the Great in Parthia, Anabasis 1: 144–158.
Sachs, A. J., Hunger, H. (1989), Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, vol. II: Dia­ries from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C., Wien.
Sachs, A. J., Hunger, H. (1996), Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, vol. III: Dia­ries from 164 B.C. to 61 B.C., Wien.
Schippmann, K. (1980), Grundzüge der parthischen Geschichte, Darmstadt.
Schottky, M. (1989), Media Atropatene und Gross-Armenien in hellenistischer Zeit, Bonn.
Sullivan, R. D. (1978), Papyri Reflecting the Eastern Dynastic Network, ANRW II.8, Berlin–New York: 908–939.
Sumner, G. V. (1978), Sulla’s Career in the Nineties, Athenaeum 56: 395–396.
Traina, G. (2007), Les Arméniens entre l’Iran et le monde gréco-romain (Ve siècle av. J.-C.–vers 300 ap. J.-C.), in: G. Dédéyan (ed.), Histoire du peuple arménien, Toulouse: 101–162.
Traina, G., Buongiorno, P. (2020), L’imperium di Germanico, l’Armenia e l’Oriente, in: A. Galimberti, R. Cristofoli, F. Rohr Vio (eds.), Germanico nel contesto politico di età Giulio Claudia. La figura, il carisma, la memoria, Roma 2020, 99–122.
Welles, C. B., Fink, R. O., Gilliam, J. F. (1959), The Parchments and Papyri (The Excavations at Dura- Europos. Final Report V, part 1), New Haven, Mass.
Wolski, J. (1966), Les Achémenides et les Arsacides. Contribution à l’histoire de la formation des tra­ditions iraniennes, Syria 43: 65–89.
Wolski, J. (1980), L’Armnie dans la politique du Haut-empire parthe (env. 175–87 av. n.é.), Iranica Antiqua 15: 251–267.
Wolski, J. (1983), Les rapports romano-parthes et la question de l’Arménie (Ier siècle av. J.-C.–Ier siècle ap. J.-C.), Ktema 8: 269–277.
Ziegler, K.-H. (1964), Die Beziehungen zwischen Rom und dem Partherreich. Ein Beitrag zur Ge­schichte des Völkerrechts, Wiesbaden.

Information

Information: ELECTRUM, 2021, Volume 28, pp. 41 - 57

Article type: Original article

Authors

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9324-9096

Edward Dąbrowa
Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9324-9096 Orcid
All publications →

Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Poland

Published at: 02.07.2021

Article status: Open

Licence: CC BY-NC-ND  licence icon

Percentage share of authors:

Edward Dąbrowa (Author) - 100%

Article corrections:

-

Publication languages:

English