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The 1944 Soviet Deportation of Crimean Tatars to Uzbekistan and the Urals as Special Settlers

Data publikacji: 2024

Wschodnioznawstwo, 2024, Tom 18, s. 15 - 31

https://doi.org/10.4467/20827695WSC.24.003.20618

Autorzy

J. Otto Pohl
American University of Iraq-Sulaimani
, Irak
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1785-9829 Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Tytuły

The 1944 Soviet Deportation of Crimean Tatars to Uzbekistan and the Urals as Special Settlers

Abstrakt

Shortly following the recapture of the Crimean peninsula from German occupation in 1944, the Stalin regime decided to forcibly remove the Crimean Tatar population to Uzbekistan. This decision was officially made on 11 V 1944 and carried out on 18‑ 20 V 1944. The NKVD rounded up close to 200,000 Crimean Tatars during those three days and sent them by train eastward towards Central Asia. Uzbekistan remained the destination for the vast majority of the deportees. More than 150,000 Crimean Tatar deportees arrived in Uzbekistan in the summer of 1944. The Soviet government resettled over a third of these men, women, and children in Tashkent Oblast outside of the capital city of the republic. In Uzbekistan the NKVD initially settled most of these deportees on kolkhozes and sovkhozes to work as agricultural workers. Malaria, malnutrition, and other maladies claimed the lives of tens of thousands of Crimean Tatar lives during their first couple of years in Uzbekistan. These deadly material conditions convinced many Crimean Tatars to subsequently go find jobs in mines, factories, and constructions sites where they could get better access to medicine and food. The Soviet authorities sent around another 30,000 Crimean Tatars to the Urals and other regions of the R.S.F.S.R. In the Urals the NKVD employed the deported Crimean Tatars in forestry work felling trees. The Soviet government placed the Crimean Tatars both in Uzbekistan and the Urals under special settlement restrictions confining them to their new places of residence and work until 28 IV 1956. Even after this date, however, they were not allowed to return home. This article is on their material and legal conditions from 18 V 1944 until 28 IV 1956, a period of 12 years that had a traumatic and long lasting effect upon the national development of the Crimean Tatars. The source base for this article consists mostly of archival documents from the State Archives of the Russian Federation (GARF). Some of these I had access to directly while others are reproduced in published document collections.

Bibliografia

Pobierz bibliografię

Deportatsiia narodov Kryma: Dokumenty, fakty, kommentarii, ed. N.F. Bugai, Moskva 2002.

GARF (State Archives of the Russian Federation), Fonds 9401 and 9479.

Ro’i, Y., The Transformation of Historiography on the ‘Punished Peoples’, „History and Memory” 2009, vol. 21, no. 2.

Zemskov, V.N., Spetsposelentsy v SSSR, 19301960, Moskva 2005.

Informacje

Informacje: Wschodnioznawstwo, 2024, Tom 18, s. 15 - 31

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Angielski: The 1944 Soviet Deportation of Crimean Tatars to Uzbekistan and the Urals as Special Settlers
Polski: Sowiecka deportacja Tatarów Krymskich do Uzbekistanu i na Ural w 1944 r. jako specjalnych osadników

Autorzy

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1785-9829

J. Otto Pohl
American University of Iraq-Sulaimani
, Irak
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1785-9829 Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

American University of Iraq-Sulaimani
Irak

Publikacja: 2024

Status artykułu: Otwarte __T_UNLOCK

Licencja: CC BY-SA  ikona licencji

Udział procentowy autorów:

J. Otto Pohl (Autor) - 100%

Informacje o autorze:

J. Otto Pohl – dr historii, adiunkt w Uniwersytecie Amerykańskim w As‑ Sulajmanijji (Irak).

Korekty artykułu:

-

Języki publikacji:

Angielski