The main incentive for creation of this work was the issue by the People’s Republic of China, their first in the history arctic White Paper. The articulation of the Chinese strategy regarding the High North, has become the source of the main contribution, as it goes for the Beijing’s interests in that distant region. Author, basing on his previous researches, clarifies the role of the White Paper in the foreign and internal policy. He undertakes the circumlocution of the Arctic’s legal status and its economic potential, which for many reasons arouses hot emotions in the world and is to a large extent the mentioned attractiveness of the High North. Thereby, the present research has been carried out using the analysis and synthesis of secondary research material in the form of scientific studies and source texts. The research problems for which answers can be found in this work are questions about sources of Arctic interest on the part of contemporary China and the functions of the first Chinese Arctic white book. In their light, a research hypothesis was formulated that Chinese engagement behind the polar circle (as well as its emanation of the white book) is a testimony to Beijing’s growing global ambitions of worldwide power. The research showed that the reasons for the Chinese Arctic interest are mainly of a military and economic nature, while the Chinese Arctic white paper performs the following functions: it indicates China’s interest in this area and also tries to tone down the potential reaction of the international community that may result from this involvement. Moreover the white book has an important internal function in the form of awakening the national pride of the Chinese people.