Zonal security applied to modern diplomatic facilities, as exemplified by the construction of embassy buildings in Europe at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEWybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEZonal security applied to modern diplomatic facilities, as exemplified by the construction of embassy buildings in Europe at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries
Data publikacji: 15.09.2023
Terroryzm – studia, analizy, prewencja, 2023, Numer 4 (4), s. 377 - 403
https://doi.org/10.4467/27204383TER.23.031.18333Autorzy
Zonal security applied to modern diplomatic facilities, as exemplified by the construction of embassy buildings in Europe at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries
Diplomatic facilities are buildings with a unique structure and of great international importance. One of the important factors in their design is security and therefore the use of possible security measures (active and passive) to prevent potential threats. The aim of this article is to present the security measures used for the architecture of diplomatic facilities using the example of embassy buildings in Europe. Twenty-two embassies located in Warsaw, Berlin and Rome were analysed from this perspective. The article characterises the elements used in their design, implementation and modernisation at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.
Barker J.C., The Protection of Diplomatic Personnel, University of Sussex 2006. Cormie D., Mays G., Smith P., Blast effects on buildings, London 2009.
van Egeraat E., Stiasny G., Ambasada Królestwa Niderlandów (Eng. Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands), “Architektura. Murator” 2004, no. 2, pp. 25–37.
Encyklopedia, vol. 9, Warszawa 2001.
Englert K., Tietz J., Botschaften in Berlin, Berlin 2004.
Fretton T., Stiasny G., Ambasada Wielkiej Brytanii w Warszawie (Eng. British Embassy in Warsaw), “Architektura. Murator” 2009, no. 12, pp. 56–63.
Gadomska B., Ambasada Izraela w Berlinie (Eng. Embassy of Israel in Berlin), “Architektura. Murator” 2002, no. 2, pp. 16–19.
Gorczyński W., Ambasada Kanady w Warszawie (Eng. Canadian Embassy in Warsaw), “Architektura. Murator” 2002, no. 2, pp. 9–15.
Jasiński A., Architektura w czasach terroryzmu. Miasto–przestrzeń publiczna–budynek (Eng. Architecture in times of terrorism. City-public space-building), Warszawa 2013.
Jasiński A., Koncepcja „niewidzialnego bezpieczeństwa” stosowana w zabezpieczeniu antyterrorystycznym amerykańskich miast metropolitalnych (Eng. The concept of “invisible safety” used in the counter-terrorist security measures in the US metropolitan cities), “Internal Security Review” 2011, no. 5, pp. 99–115.
Jasiński A., Wpływ zabezpieczeń antyterrorystycznych na architekturę współczesnych ambasad amerykańskich (Eng. The impact of anti-terrorism protection on the contemporary architecture of American embassies), “Internal Security Review” 2015, no. 12, pp. 97–114.
Jootsen H., Stępniowska A., Ambasada Niemiec w Warszawie (Eng. German Embassy in Warsaw), “Architektura. Murator” 2009, no. 12, pp. 48–55.
Leśniakowska M., Architektura polskich ambasad (Eng. Architecture of Polish embassies), “Architektura. Murator” 2004, no. 2, pp. 60–62.
Loeffler J.C., Embassy design: security vs. openness, “Foreign Service Journal”, September 2005, pp. 44–51.
Majewski K., Sroka-Strzeszyńska M., Ambasada Korei Południowej (Eng. Embassy of South Korea), “Architektura. Murator” 2004, no. 2, pp. 38–41.
Pagarde J.P., Stiasny G., Ambasada Francji w Warszawie (Eng. French Embassy in Warsaw), “Architektura. Murator” 2005, no. 2, p. 30.
Redecke S., Der Weg zum Licht – Französische Botschaft am Pariser Platz in Berlin (Eng. The Path to Light - French Embassy on Pariser Platz in Berlin), “Bauwelt” 2003, no. 10, pp. 12–19.
Rzechowski K., Polskie placówki dyplomatyczne (Eng. Polish diplomatic missions), “Architektura. Murator” 2004, no. 2, pp. 63–70.
Sitko A., Szafarczyk S., Technologie architektury – Ambasada Królestwa Niderlandów w Warszawie (Eng. Architectural technologies - Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Warsaw), “Architektura. Murator” 2004, no. 2, pp. 90–97.
Stiasny G., Konkursy na nowe budynki ambasad w Warszawie (Eng. Competitions for new embassy buildings in Warsaw), “Architektura. Murator” 2004, no. 2, pp. 44–59.
Ulrich P., Die franzoesische Vertretung am Pariser Platz will trotz hoher Sicherheitsan-forderungen ein offenes Haus sein: Bald bietet die Botschaft Fuehrungen durch das neue Gebaeude (Eng. The French representation on Pariser Platz wants to be an open house despite high security requirements: Soon the embassy will offer guided tours of the new building), “Berliner Zeitung”, 24 I 2003.
Internet sources
DSC1100 K8 Portable Barriers, Delta Scientific Corporation, https://deltascientific.com/product/portable-barrier-dsc1100/ [accessed: 28 V 2023].
Embassy Perimeter Improvement Concepts & Design Guidelines, Department of State Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, June 2011, https://www.scribd.com/document/261408078/Embassy-Perimeter-Improvement-Concepts-Design-Guidelines [accessed: 12 V 2023].
Encyklopedia humanistyczna (Eng. Encyclopedia of the humanities), http://encenc.pl/aha/ [accessed: 14 V 2023].
High Security Bollards, Delta Scientific Corporation, http://deltascientific.com/high-security/bollards/ [accessed: 28 V 2023].
http://www.google.pl/maps/ [accessed: 10 III 2015].
http://www.rogersmarvel.com/projects/NYSE/ [accessed: 28 V 2023].
https://deltascientific.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/90140-Rev-B-DSC207S-General-Arrangement.pdf [accessed: 9 I 2023].
https://new-european-bauhaus.europa.eu/index_en [accessed: 5 VII 2023].
IP500 High Security Portable Barriers, Delta Scientific Corporation, http://www.deltascientific.com/high-security/portable-barriers/ip500 [accessed: 28 V 2023].
Kades A., Cypriot embassy severely damaged in Athens bomb blast, CyprusMail, 24 XI 2015, http://cyprus-mail.com/2015/11/24/cypriot-embassns-bomb-attack/ [accessed: 24 XI 2015].
European Commission, Security by Design: Protection of public spaces from terrorist attacks, https://www.urbanagenda.urban-initiative.eu/news/security-design-protection-public-spaces-terrorist-attacks [accessed: 20 IV 2023].
Oakes Ch.G., The Bollard: Crash- and Attack-Resistant Models, Whole Building Design Guide, 9 II 2016, https://www.wbdg.org/resources/bollard-non-crash-and-non-attack-resistant-models [accessed: 9 I 2023].
Primer for Design of Commercial Buildings to Mitigate Terrorist Attacks, series: Risk Management Series, https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/fema427.pdf [accessed: 30 V 2023].
Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings, series: Buildings and Infrastructure Protection Series, http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/st/st-bips-06.pdf [accessed: 16 V 2023].
Report of the Secretary of State’s. Advisory Panel on Overseas Security, http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/inman/ [accessed: 5 VII 2023].
Site and Urban Design for Security. Guidance Against Potential Terrorist Attacks, series: Risk Management Series, https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/fema430.pdf [accessed: 13 V 2023].
Sliding High Security Crash Rated Gates, Delta Scientific Corporation, https://delta-scientific.com/high-security/sliding-gates/ [accessed: 28 V 2023].
U.S. Embassy security upgrades in Baku, Pernix Group, https://www.pernixgroup.com/project/baku-design-build-isat-security-upgrades/ [accessed: 10 I 2023].
Legal acts
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, drawn up in Vienna on April 18, 1961 (Journal of Laws of 1965, no. 37, item 232).
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A Counter-Terrorism Agenda for the EU: Anticipate, Prevent, Protect, Respond, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020D-C0795&from=PL [accessed: 5 VII 2023].
Act of 24 July 2015 - Law on Assemblies (Journal of Laws of 2022, item 1389).
Informacje: Terroryzm – studia, analizy, prewencja, 2023, Numer 4 (4), s. 377 - 403
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Tytuły:
Zonal security applied to modern diplomatic facilities, as exemplified by the construction of embassy buildings in Europe at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries
Zonal security applied to modern diplomatic facilities, as exemplified by the construction of embassy buildings in Europe at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries
Politechnika Wrocławska, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław
Publikacja: 15.09.2023
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: CC-BY-NC-SA
Udział procentowy autorów:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
Angielski