FAQ

Non-invasive means of moral improvement – a critical review of selected methods

Data publikacji: 29.03.2019

Rocznik Kognitywistyczny, 2018, Tom 11, s. 1 - 16

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843895RK.18.001.9755

Autorzy

Marta Sokólska
Instytut Filozofii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński (Kraków, Polska)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-3234 Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Tytuły

Non-invasive means of moral improvement – a critical review of selected methods

Abstrakt

Th e main purpose of this paper is to underline the importance of non-invasive methods of moral improvement. I defend the thesis that non-invasive stimulation of human morality should not be concerned as outdated. Among diff erent possible methods discussed nowadays, these that do not require any invasive intervention into neural system  should remain a valuable part of the discussion about moral enhancement. Two means of non-invasive ways to stimulate morality and their expected eff ects are proposed in this paper. Th e fi rst one is derived from the practice of involving horses in the process of resocialization and development of morally desirable traits. Th e second one is based on the idea of d rama-based interventions and its potential of increasing the abilities of perspective taking and noticing morally relevant aspects of situations in the participants.

Bibliografia

Andreasen, G., Stella, T., Wilkison, M., Szczech Moser, C., Hoelzel, A., & Hendricks, L. (2017).

Animal-assisted therapy and occupational therapy. Journal of Occupational Th erapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 10(1): 1–17.

Bargh, J.A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct eff ects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2): 230–244.

Bick, J., Nelson, C.A. (2017). Early experience and brain development. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 8: e1387.

Boal, A. (1979). Th eatre of the Oppressed. Trans. Ch.A. and M.-O. Leal McBride. New York: Th eatre Communications Group. (Originally published in Spanish as Teatro de Oprimido. Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor, 1974).

Burgon, H.L. (2011). ‘Queen of the world’: Experiences of ‘at-risk’ young people participating in equine-assisted learning/therapy. Journal of Social Work Practice, 25(02): 165–183.

Christen, M., & Narvaez, D. (2012). Moral development in early childhood is key for moral enhancement. AJOB Neuroscience, 3(4): 25–26.

Cowell, J.M., & Decety, J. (2015). Precursors to morality in development as a complex interplay between neural, socioenvironmental, and behavioral facets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(41): 12657–12662.

Day, L. (2002). ‘Putting yourself in other people’s shoes’: The use of Forum theatre to explore refugee and homeless issues in schools. Journal of Moral Education, 31(1): 21–34.

Decety, J., & Cowell, J.M. (2014a). Th e complex relation between morality and empathy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(7): 337–339.

Decety, J., & Cowell, J.M. (2014b). Friends or foes: Is empathy necessary for moral behavior? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(5): 525–537.

Decety, J., & Howard, L.H. (2013). Th e role of aff ect in the neurodevelopment of morality. Child Development Perspectives, 7(1): 49–54.

Decety, J., & Yoder, K.J. (2016). Empathy and motivation for justice: Cognitive empathy and concern, but not emotional empathy, predict sensitivity to injustice for others. Social Neuroscience, 11(1): 1–14.

Douglas, T. (2008). Moral enhancement. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 25(3), 228–245.

Eisenberg, N. (2000). Emotion, regulation, and moral development. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1): 665–697.

Escobar, M.J., Huepe, D., Decety, J., Sedeño, L., Messow, M.K., Baez, S., ... & Schröeder, J. (2014). Brain signatures of moral sensitivity in adolescents with early social deprivation. Scientific Reports, 4.

Focquaert, F., & Schermer, M. (2015). Moral enhancement: do means matter morally? Neuroethics, 8(2): 139–151.

Franklin Jr., R.G., Nelson, A.J., Baker, M., Beeney, J.E., Vescio, T.K., Lenz-Watson, A., & Adams Jr., R.B. (2013). Neural responses to perceiving suff ering in humans and animals. Social Neuroscience, 8(3): 217–227.

Gourd, K.M., & Gourd, T.Y. (2011). Enacting democracy: Using forum theatre to confront bullying. Equity & Excellence in Education, 44(3): 403–419.

Greene, J.D. (2015a). Beyond point-and-shoot morality: Why cognitive (neuro)science matters for ethics. Th e Law & Ethics of Human Rights, 9(2): 141–172.

Greene, J.D. (2015b). Th e rise of moral cognition. Cognition, 135: 39–42.

Greene, J.D., Nystrom, L.E., Engell, A.D., Darley, J.M., & Cohen, J.D. (2004). Th e neural bases of cognitive confl ict and control in moral judgment. Neuron, 44(2): 389–400.

Greene, J.D., Sommerville, R.B., Nystrom, L.E., Darley, J.M., & Cohen, J.D. (2001). An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science, 293(5537): 2105–2108.

Joronen, K., Konu, A., Rankin, H.S., & Åstedt-Kurki, P. (2011). An evaluation of a drama program to enhance social relationships and anti-bullying at elementary school: a controlled study. Health Promotion International, 27(1): 5–14.

Klincewicz, M., Frank, L.E., & Sokólska, M. (2018). Drugs and hugs: stimulating moral dispositions as a method of moral enhancement. In: M. Hauskeller (ed.). Moral Enhancement: Critical Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kohl, R. (2012). Prison animal programs: a brief review of the literature. Massachusetts Department of Correction, Offi ce of Strategic Planning and Research.

Lapsley, D.K., & Narvaez, D. (2005). Moral psychology at the crossroads. In: K.D. Lapsley, F.C. Power (eds.). Character Psychology and Character Education (pp. 18–35). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

Mikhail, J. (2007). Universal moral grammar: Th eory, evidence and the future. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(4): 143–152.

Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-aff ective system theory of personality: reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102(2): 246.

Mitchell, K.S., & Freitag, J.L. (2011). Forum theatre for bystanders: A new model for gender violence prevention. Violence Against Women, 17(8): 990–1013.

Moll, J., de Oliveira-Souza, R., & Zahn, R. (2008). Th e neural basis of moral cognition. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1124(1): 161–180.

Moll, J., Zahn, R., de Oliveira-Souza, R., Krueger, F., & Grafman, J. (2005). Th e neural basis of human moral cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6(10): 799.

Nurenberg, J.R., Schleifer, S.J., Shaff er, T.M., Yellin, M., Desai, P.J., Amin, R., ... & Montalvo, C. (2014). Animal-assisted therapy with chronic psychiatric inpatients: equine-assisted psychotherapy and aggressive behavior. Psychiatric Services, 66(1): 80–86.

Pendry, P., Carr, A.M., Smith, A.N., & Roeter, S.M. (2014). Improving adolescent social competence and behavior: A randomized trial of an 11-week equine facilitated learning prevention program. Th e Journal of Primary Prevention, 35(4): 281–293.

Persson, I., & Savulescu, J. (2008). Th e perils of cognitive enhancement and the urgent imperative to enhance the moral character of humanity. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 25(3): 162–177.

Persson, I., & Savulescu, J. (2012). Unfi t for the Future: Th e Need for Moral Enhancement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Prinz, J. (2011). Is empathy necessary for morality? Empathy: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives, 1: 211–229.

Rodríguez, J.I., Rich, M.D., Hastings, R., & Page, J.L. (2006). Assessing the impact of Augusto Boal’s “Proactive Performance”: An embodied approach for cultivating prosocial responses to sexual assault. Text and Performance Quarterly, 26(3): 229–252.

Schaefer, G.O. (2015). Direct vs. indirect moral enhancement. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 25(3): 261–289.

Specker, J., Focquaert, F., Raus, K., Sterckx, S., & Schermer, M. (2014). Th e ethical desirability of moral bioenhancement: a review of reasons. BMC Medical Ethics, 15(1): 1.

Szutta, N. (2015b). Wychowanie moralne z perspektywy etyki cnót. Diametros, 46: 111–133.

Van Bavel, J.J., FeldmanHall, O., & Mende-Siedlecki, P. (2015). Th e neuroscience of moral cognition: from dual processes to dynamic systems. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6: 167–172.

Wernick, L.J., Kulick, A., Dessel, A.B., & Graham, L.F. (2016). Th eater and dialogue to increase youth’s intentions to advocate for LGBTQQ people. Research on Social Work Practice, 26(2): 189–202.

Winston, J. (1999). Th eorising drama as moral education. Journal of Moral Education, 28(4): 459–471.

Young, L., & Dungan, J. (2012). Where in the brain is morality? Everywhere and maybe nowhere. Social Neuroscience, 7(1): 1–10.

Informacje

Informacje: Rocznik Kognitywistyczny, 2018, Tom 11, s. 1 - 16

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

Non-invasive means of moral improvement – a critical review of selected methods

Angielski:

Non-invasive means of moral improvement – a critical review of selected methods

Autorzy

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-3234

Marta Sokólska
Instytut Filozofii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński (Kraków, Polska)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-3234 Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Instytut Filozofii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński (Kraków, Polska)

Publikacja: 29.03.2019

Status artykułu: Otwarte __T_UNLOCK

Licencja: CC BY-NC-ND  ikona licencji

Udział procentowy autorów:

Marta Sokólska (Autor) - 100%

Korekty artykułu:

-

Języki publikacji:

Angielski