The formation and the development of the Arabic script from the earliest times until its standardisation
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEWybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEThe formation and the development of the Arabic script from the earliest times until its standardisation
Data publikacji: 31.10.2019
The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 2019, 9 (1/2019), s. 53 - 91
https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.19.003.11135Autorzy
The formation and the development of the Arabic script from the earliest times until its standardisation
The article overviews and systematises the theories and hypotheses, in the current paleographical discourse, that refer to the beginning of the Arabic script and the paths and the causes of its development until the 10th century, when this script was standardised. The article briefly discusses the linguistic situation in the Arabian Peninsula beginning from the 1st millennium BC and the issue of the diffusion of the Ancient South Arabian script in the notation of the proto-Arabic dialects. Subsequently it presents hypotheses devoted to the origin of the Arabic script and the probable paths through which the Nabataean script made its way to the Arabian Peninsula. It presents the current state of knowledge in reference to the development of the Arabic writing, the causes and the nature of the changes in the graphical form of the script. All of these elements are presented in the context of the cultural and socio-political changes which accompanied these processes in the Arabian Peninsula and in the Near East.
1. Abott N., The Ḳurrah Papyri from Aphrodito in the Oriental Institute, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1938.
2. Abott N., The Rise of the North Arabic Script and its Ḳur’ānic Development, with a Full Description of the Ḳur’ān Manuscripts in the Oriental Institute, Chicago University Press, Chicago 1939.
3. Bellamy J. A., A New Reading of the Namārah Inscription, “Journal of the American Oriental Society” 105 (1/1985), pp. 31–51.
4. Bellamy J. A., Two Pre-Islamic Arabic Inscriptions Revised: Jabal Ramm and Umm al-Jimāl, “Journal of the American Oriental Society” 108 (3/1988), pp. 370–372.
5. Bellamy J. A., The Arabic Alphabet, [in:] W. M. Senner (ed.), The Origins of Writing, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 1991, pp. 91–102.
6. Blair Sh. S. Islamic Calligraphy, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2006.
7. Blair Sh., Kufic, [in:] K. Versteegh (general ed.), K. Versteegh (general ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Brill, Leiden – Boston 2008, Vol. 2, s. 597–604.
8. Bloom J. M., Moving Words, [in:] A. B. Sajoo (ed.), A Companion to Muslim Cultures, I. B. Tauris Publishers, London – New York 2012, pp. 137–164.
9. Bloom J., Paper before Print. The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World, Yale University Press, London 2001.
10. von Bothmer H. C. G., Ohlig K. H., Puin G. R., Neue Wege der Koranforschung, “Magazin Forschung” 1/1999, pp. 33–46.
11. Bryce T., The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia. The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire, Routledge, London – New York 2009.
12. Danecki J., Gramatyka opisowa języka arabskiego, Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog, Warszawa 2001, Vol. 1.
13. Danecki J., Kultura i sztuka islamu, Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa, Warszawa 2003.
14. Daniels P. T., The Arabic Writing System, [in:] The Oxford Handbook of Arabic Linguistics, J. Owens (ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York 2013, pp. 412–432.
15. Déroche F., Qur’ans of the Umayyads. A First Overview, Brill, Leiden – Boston 2014.
16. Déroche F., contrib. Berthier A., et al, Islamic Codicology: an Introduction to the Study of Manuscripts in Arabic Script, Al-Furqān Islamic Heritage Foundation, London 2005/1426 AH.
17. Diringer D., Alphabet a Key to the History of Mankind, Hutchinson’s Scientific and Technical Publications, London – New York – Toronto 1948.
18. Dodge B. (ed. and trans.), The Fihrist of al-Nadīm. A Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture, Columbia University Press, New York – London 1970, Vol. 1.
19. Gacek A., Arabic Manuscripts. A Vademecum for Readers, Brill, Leiden – Boston 2009.
20. Gelb I. J., A Study of Writing, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago – London 1963.
21. Ghabbān ‘A. I. I., Hoyland R., (trans. and concluding remarks), The Inscription of Zuhayr, the Oldest Islamic Inscription (24 AH/AD 644–645), the Rise of the Arabic Script and the Nature of the Early Islamic State, “Arabian Archeology and Epigraphy” 19 (2/2008), pp. 210–237.
22. Al-Ghul O., Early Inscription from Petra Carrying Diacritic Marks, “Syria” 81 (2004), pp. 105–118.
23. Goody J., The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society, Cambridge University Press 1986.
24. Graf G., Geschichte des christlischen arabischen Literatur, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Citta del Vaticano 1944, Band 1.
25. Griffith S. H., Christians and Christianity, [in:] J. D. McAuliffe (ed.), Encyclopaedia of the Qur’ān, Brill, Leiden – Boston 2001, Vol. 1, pp. 307–315.
26. Grob E. M., Documentary Arabic Private and Business Letters on Papyrus. Form and Function, Content and Context, De Gruyter, Berlin – New York 2010.
27. Grohmann A., Arabische Paläographie, Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger, Wien 1967–1971, Band 1–2.
28. Gruendler B., The Development of the Arabic Script: From the Nabatean Era to the First Islamic Century according to Dated Texts, Scholar Press, Atlanta, Ga. 1993.
29. Gruendler B., Arabic Alphabet: Origin, [in:] K. Versteegh (general ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Brill, Leiden – Boston 2006, Vol. 1, pp. 148–155.
30. Healey J. F., The Early Alphabet, University of California Press, Berkeley 1990.
31. Imbert F., L’Islam des pierres : l’expression de la foi dans les graffiti arabes des premiers siècles, “Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée” 129 (2011), pp. 57–78.
32. Lecker M., The “Constitution of Medina”. Muḥammad’s First Legal Document, The Darwin Press, Princeton 2004.
33. Jones A., The Dotting of a Script and the Dating of an Era: The Strange Neglect of PERF 558, “Islamic Culture” 72 (4/1998), pp. 95–103.
34. Jones A., Orality and Writing in Arabia [in:] J. D. McAuliffe (ed.), Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an, Brill, Leiden – Boston 2003, Vol. 3, pp. 591–593.
35. Jones A., The Word Made Visible: Arabic Script and the Committing of the Qur’an to Writing, [in:] Ch. F. Robinson (ed.), Texts, Documents and Artefacts. Islamic Studies in Honour of D.S. Richards, Brill, Leiden 2003, pp. 1–16.
36. Kassis H. E., Concordance to the Quran, University of California Press, Berkeley – Los Angeles – London 1983.
37. Kościelniak K., Chrześcijańskie piśmiennictwo arabskie przed Mahometem i jego wpływ na islam, “Analecta Cracoviensia” 35 (2003), pp. 329–343.
38. Loveday H., Islamic Paper. A Study of the Ancient Craft, Archetype Publications, no place 2001.
39. MacDonald M. C. A., Reflections on the Linguistic Map of pre-Islamic Arabia, “Arabian Archeology and Epigraphy” 11 (2000), pp. 28–79.
40. MacDonald M. C. A., Literacy in an Oral Environment, [in:] P. Bienkowski, Ch. Mee, E. Slater (ed.), Writing and Ancient Near Eastern Society. Papers in Honour of Alan R. Millard, T & T Clark, New York – London 2005, pp. 45–114.
41. MacDonald M. C. A., Ancient Arabia and the Written Word, [in:] idem (ed.), The Development of Arabic as a Written Language, Supplement to the Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies Volume 40, Archaeopress, Oxford 2010, pp. 5–27.
42. Nehmé L., A Glimpse of the Development of the Nabatean Script into Arabic based on Old and New Epigraphic Material, [in:] M. C. A. Macdonald (ed.), The Development of Arabic as a Written Language, Supplement to the Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies Volume 40, Archaeopress, Oxford 2010, pp. 47–88.
43. Oseini Z. I., An Examination of Al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf al-Thaqafī’s Major Policies, “Islamic Studies” 27 (4/1988), pp. 317–327.
44. Osman Gh., Pre-Islamic Arab Converts to Christianity in Mecca and Medina: An Investigation into the Arabic Sources, “The Muslim World” 95 (2005), pp. 67–80.
45. Overlaet B., MacDonald M., Stein P., An Aramaic−Hasaitic bilingual inscription from a monumental tomb at Mleiha, Sharjah, UAE, “Arabian Archaeology & Epigraphy” 27 (1/2016), pp. 127–142.
46. Powell B. B., Writing. History and Theory of the Technology of Civilization, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, Mass. 2012.
47. Prochwicz-Studnicka B., The Origins of High Significance of Writing in Arab-Muslim Culture, “Anthropos”, 113 (2018), s. 217–233.
48. Ragheb Y., Les premiers documents arabes de l’ère musulmane, “Travaux Et Mémoires” 17 (2013), pp. 679–726.
49. Restö J., The Arabs in Antiquity. Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads, Routledge Curzon, London – New York 2003.
50. Rogers R. W., Cuneiform Parallels to the Old Testament, Eaton & Mains, New York 1912.
51. Sadeghi B., Goudarzi M., Ṣan‘ā’ I and the Origins of the Qur’ān, “Der Islam” 87 (1–2/2012), pp. 1–129.
52. Sadeghi B., Bergmann U., The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Qur’ān of the Prophet, “Arabica” 57 (4/2010), pp. 343–436.
53. Scheck F. R., Szlak mirry i kadzidła. Od Arabii do Rzymu – śladem antycznych kultur, tłum. J. Danecki, PIW, Warszawa 1998 [original title: Weichrauchstrasse von Arabien nach Rom — auf den Spuren antiker Weltkulturen, Bergisch Gladbach, Lübbe 1995.]
54. Schoeler G., The Genesis of Literature in Islam. From the Aural to the Read, Sh. M. Toorawa (trans.), Edinburgh University Press, Chippenham 2011.
55. Shahīd I., Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Vol. 2, Part 2. Economic, Social, and Cultural History, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C. 2010.
56. Shahīd I., Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Vol. 1, Part 1. Political and Military History, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C. 1995.
57. Sima A., Die hasaitischen Inschriften [in:] N. Nebes (ed.), Neue Beiträge zur Semitistik. Erstes Arbeitstreffen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Semitistik in der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft vom 11. bis 13. September 2000 an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2002, pp. 167–200.
58. Sijpesteijn P. M., Paleography, [in:] K. Versteegh (general ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Brill, Leiden – Boston 2008, Vol. 3, pp. 513–524.
59. Testen D., On the Arabic of the ‘En ‘Avdat Inscription, “Journal of Near Eastern Studies” 55 (4/1996), pp. 281–292.
60. Toorawa Sh. M., Ibn Abī Ṭāhir Ṭayfūr and Arabic Writerly Culture. A Ninth-Century Bookman in Baghdad, Routledge Curzon, London – New York 2005.
Informacje: The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 2019, 9 (1/2019), s. 53 - 91
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Tytuły:
The formation and the development of the Arabic script from the earliest times until its standardisation
The formation and the development of the Arabic script from the earliest times until its standardisation
Uniwersytet Ignatianum w Krakowie, Mikołaja Kopernika 26, Kraków
ul. Mikołaja Kopernika 26, Kraków, Polska
Publikacja: 31.10.2019
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: CC BY-NC-ND
Udział procentowy autorów:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
AngielskiLiczba wyświetleń: 2033
Liczba pobrań: 4933