In the paper several dilemmas are presented which can occur when research in organiza-tions is conducted. The dilemmas are divided into two groups, which cover ontology and epistemology. In the field of ontology there are three main issues, such as the essence of organizational reality, modeling phenomena in organizations, and building definitions. In the field of epis-temology there are written dilemmas of ways of gathering information about organizations, projecting operational definitions and the choice of research methods. The inspiration for taking the challenge of such a discussion was due to a famous sen-tence which was formed in the 90’s of the XXth century. L. Krzyżanowski insisted on putting more focus on a theory’s features. The theories should be precise, cohesive, general, simple and effective. In the very beginning of management science development there were no huge troubles to obtain such goals from theories. However, nowadays the number of sub-disciplines and routes of management science is so huge that this fact causes many troubles in comparisons of research results. These troubles create dilemmas which every scientist faces during any research. The paper does not consist of precise answers to the dilemmas. Nevertheless, it is to be an asset in a larger discussion about the methodological background of management science.

In the paper several dilemmas are presented which can occur when research in organiza-tions is conducted. The dilemmas are divided into two groups, which cover ontology and epistemology. In the field of ontology there are three main issues, such as the essence of organizational reality, modeling phenomena in organizations, and building definitions. In the field of epis-temology there are written dilemmas of ways of gathering information about organizations, projecting operational definitions and the choice of research methods. The inspiration for taking the challenge of such a discussion was due to a famous sen-tence which was formed in the 90’s of the XXth century. L. Krzyżanowski insisted on putting more focus on a theory’s features. The theories should be precise, cohesive, general, simple and effective. In the very beginning of management science development there were no huge troubles to obtain such goals from theories. However, nowadays the number of sub-disciplines and routes of management science is so huge that this fact causes many troubles in comparisons of research results. These troubles create dilemmas which every scientist faces during any research. The paper does not consist of precise answers to the dilemmas. Nevertheless, it is to be an asset in a larger discussion about the methodological background of management science.