Miyamoto Musashi (1584–1645) is undoubtedly the most famous Japanese swordsmen known outside of the Land of the rising Sun. Despite this, his life remains largely a mystery, and is known today mainly through the historical novel written by Eiji Yoshikawa (1892–1962), its many film adaptations and also his treaty called Gorin-no sho (The Book of Five Rings, 1645). This article however focuses exclusively on Musashi’s last written testimony – The Dokkōdō (The Way of Walking Alone, 1645). The author is trying to explain the circumstances of its creation and the essence of its meaning. It is also an attempt of interpretation and – above all, a look at Musashi through the prism  of the rules contained in The Dokkōdō. For the purpose of this analysis, three separate translations of Musashi’s Dokkōdō had been made into Polish. The author hopes that this modest contribution to the debate on Miyamoto Musashi will be a subject to further discussion.