Teresa Leszczyńska

Assesment of the energy and basic nutrients intake with daily diets by of residents of chosen orphanages located in Krakow

The aim of this study was to assess the intake of energy, proteins, fat, carbohydrates and fiber by residents of selected orphanages in Krakow.

Intake of basic nutrients and dietary fiber was performed based on chemical analysis of the daily diets, collected for four days of week (including Sunday and Friday, due to the different nutritional habits). Chemical analysis included determination of selected nutrients: proteins, fat and fiber. Digestible carbohydrate content and energy values were calculated using the appropriate formulas.

Assessment of dietary intake indicated numerous nutritional mistakes such as low supply of energy, carbohydrates, fat and fiber. Daily diets of children had an excessive amount of protein, (5-times more).

Increasing the intake of total fat, whit the proper amount of Essential Fatty Acids, would create the possibility to compensate energy deficit, observed in this study. Similarly, diets rich in carbohydrates, particularly complex (slowly digestible starch), would allow to cover the daily requirements for these compounds, fiber and energy.

Absorption of minerals compound by the investigated population aged 13-15 depending on gender and place of residence

Introduction.The life period between 11-19 years of age is defined as the adolescence (phase), which is a period of intense growth and development, during which the organism ultimately heads for achieving a biological, psychological and social maturity. During this period, proper nutrition is an essential factor in the harmonious development of the young organism and to achieve a high health potential.

The aim.The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption of minerals compound by the investigated population depending on gender and place of residence.

Material and methods.The evaluation was performed by 24 hours diet recall in randomly selected schools in Krakow and Skawina area. The content of mineral compounds (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu) consumed by the subjects was assessed by the use of the "Dieta 2.0" software.

Results. It were discovered a numerous irregularities in consumption of selected minerals, including significant calcium deficiency, and also the excess of sodium in the diet. Calcium deficiency combined the excess of phosphorus can adversely affect the achievement of the peak bone mass and increase the risk of osteoporosis in later stages of life. Also demonstrated high sodium and low potassium intakes could contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease.