Paweł Pokrzywiński

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie założeń Prawa zwalczania terroryzmu uchwalonego w 2016 r. w Izraelu w zakresie definiowania i, zwalczania terroryzmu oraz sankcjonowania przestępstw z nim związanych. Autor ukazuje izraelską percepcję tych zagrożeń uwidaczniającą się w nowym ustawodawstwie. Zostanie ona zestawiona z przepisami obowiązującymi wcześniej, aby pokazać, jak zmieniało się postrzeganie tych zagadnień przez rządzących i jakie zmiany wprowadziło nowe prawo. W tym celu autor zastosuje metodę instytucjonalno-prawną i metodę porównawczą różnicy, a także skorzysta z teorii sekurytyzacji. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoli mu na stwierdzenie, że z perspektywy rządzących terroryzm jest nadal uważany za główne zagrożenie Państwa Izrael. Prawo z 2016 r. wprowadziło możliwość zastosowania wielu środków nadzwyczajnych w ramach przeciwdziałania temu zjawisku. To pokazuje, że partie, które je uchwaliły, mają jastrzębie spojrzenie na kwestie związane z walką z terroryzmem.

Israeli counter-terrorist legislation against the threats of the 21st century

The aim of the article is to present objectives of the Israeli Counter-Terrorism Law passed in 2016. The author examines the way of defining and combating terrorism, and the penalty measures related to criminal activity linked with it. Thus, the author shows the Israeli authorities’ perception of threat connected with terrorism. The previous counter-terrorist law is compared with the new one to demonstrate the modification of the vision of security. The article seeks to answer the question what changes and views have been implemented by the new law. To achieve those aims the author used the comparison method and an analysis of the law and the securitization theory. It allowed to state that terrorism is still regarded by Israeli politicians as the main threat for the State of Israel and its citizens. The amended law allowed for the use of many emergency measures. Overall, it exhibits a hawkish stance towards combating terrorism of parties which amended the law.

The phenomenon of the Israeli outposts in the West Bank

The article presents the phenomenon of the Israeli outposts in the West Bank. It describes the origins, ways of establishing, sources of financial support of the outposts. There will be examined the Israeli governments’ attitude toward this type of settlement. It should be emphasized that governmental and self-governmental institutions, as well as the World Zionist Organization, are engaged in establishing and developing the outposts in the West Bank. The aim of the article is to explain and to describe this phenomenon in the light of the Israeli law and its consequences for the State of Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. The examination is based on the following sources: Sasson Report, Levy Report, Judea and Samaria Settlement Regulation Law, Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty, so-called Young Settlement Bill, reports published by Peace Now and B’Tselem organizations. For the research author used institutional, historical analysis and decision analysis methods. It helped to state that the Israeli outposts, despite its illegality, receive wide financial and security support from government and self-governments. The outposts threaten also the peace process. Furthermore, since 2009 Netanyahu’s governments try to recognize and legalize the outposts by legal measures.