Katarzyna Hodor

The aim of this paper is to present and characterize the factors that pose a threat to historic cemetery objects. Taking into consideration the problems associated with historic parks and gardens. Attention must be paid to the cemeteries, which even though being classified as green areas, are rarely perceived in this way. This problem especially affects necropolises which are located in cities, surrounded by dense urban structure and situated near buildings and public spaces.

Modern threats to monumental gardens are an important subject, connected with issues of value and protection of cultural and natural heritage. There are noticeable processes of negative transformations or irreversible loss of numerous green areas of historical character. It is visible in statistics regarding the decreasing resource of valuable greenery complexes. The legal regulations for protection of this particular heritage in Polish reality do not bring expected results.

W artykule przestawione zostały rozwiązania nowoczesnych technologii stosowanych w architekturze krajobrazu ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich występowania na terenach zieleni historycznej. Dynamicznie wprowadzane nowe narzędzia pozwalają na objęcie szczególną dbałością te wartościowe obszary, podkreślając ich znaczenie równocześnie nadając nowe funkcje. W drugiej części omówiony zostanie szczególny przykład tego typu rozwiązań z terenu Katowic. Są to nowe realizacje uczytelniające historyczne układy miasta przemysłowego.

The Municipality of Zabierzów is one of the largest in the Małopolska province. It has an attractive location in relation to the Krakow agglomeration. It is also valuable in the natural and cultural sense. Within the municipality there are residential buildings, now in various states of preservation. These are the complexes that could, appropriately interpreted in the landscape, become an important, feature of the local heritage, enriching the municipality’s offering and improving the quality of the countryside where they are located.

The historic workers’ colonies in cities located in the Upper Silesian Industrial District are an examplen of very valuable cultural heritage of thr Industrial Age. Based on the genius loci idea they create a sense of identity, and also a place for daily life. However, the undeniable landscape values of the historic groups of buildings are difficult to perceive due to the poor condition of architectural objects and urban structures.

The discussion contained in the paper highlights the relationship between the process of revitalisation and the specialisation of landscape architecture. This is an artistic, professional and scientific field that is focused on the theoretical foundations of shaping landscapes and the development of practical methods of designing them. Revitalisation, on the other hand, is defined as a process of the internal renewal of degraded urban or rural spaces. In order to develop a proper plan of action, it is necessary to perform various types of analyses with the aim of discovering the source of the crisis that has taken hold of a given area, as well as determining the natural and cultural values which define the identity of an area, on the basis of which, the right decisions regarding the composition of its space can be made. This paper also provides examples of rural areas in the west of Germany that have undergone multi aspect renewal, as well as efforts that are being made in relation to rural areas located in Poland. These examples highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the process of revitalisation and its key issues: those of establishing spatial harmony and the preservation and highlighting of the heritage of the landscape.

In current times of progressing desacralisation, a retrospective view of the transformations that take place in building this phenomenon from the landscape perspective of the city appears essential. The work's main objective is the identification of the ongoing process on two scales: the micro and macro-scale and over time. The initial outline of the subject is meant to present the phenomenon within the structures of the city, the manner of its shaping and influence on the surroundings, orientation within space and strength of impact.

Sacrum w krajobrazie miasta

This paper presents the history of the construction of urban parks in Krakow in relation to research on the urban development of the settlement. The chronologic emergence of each green space and the importance that they have played in the development of the city, as well as their current state, has been outlined in the paper.

Zieleń, w tym ta nawiązująca do historycznych układów, w przestrzeniach miast przemysłowych stanowi niezwykle cenny walor. Zachowane elementy szaty roślinnej posiadają znaczące korzyści ekologiczne, podnoszą wartość krajobrazową otoczenia i przyczyniają się do poprawy jakości życia mieszkańców. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie dużego zróżnicowania form terenów zieleni, umiejscowionych w obrębie zabytkowych zespołów mieszkaniowych w mieście Zabrze.