“Indian Pilgrim”: Political Travels of Subhas Chandra Bose (1897–1945?)
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEChoose format
RIS BIB ENDNOTE„Indyjski pielgrzym”. Polityczne podróże Subhasa Chandry Bosego (1897–1945?)
Publication date: 24.07.2014
Studia Historica Gedanensia, 2014, Volume 5 (2014), pp. 329 - 353
https://doi.org/10.4467/23916001HG.14.017.2682Authors
„Indyjski pielgrzym”. Polityczne podróże Subhasa Chandry Bosego (1897–1945?)
The purpose of this article is to present the history of foreign travels of Subhas Chandra Bose (beng. Śubhāṣ Ćôndra Bôśu), a prominent activist of the Indian independence movement in the interwar period and during World War II, with particular attention to his wandering undertaken in order to gain support for the struggle for India’s independence. Bose spent almost ¼ of his 48-year life abroad, with more than eight years in Europe, and two in Japan-occupied East Asia. Bose is a figure virtually unknown in Polish historiography; that is why I try to sketch his biography. Early western biographies of Subhas showed him in a negative or dismissive light. On the other hand, in India a large number of biographies were written in a hagiographical spirit, describing Bose as a martyr killed for the freedom of India, or considering his activity in the context of alternative history. In the last two decades, however, quite a few works depicting him in a more objective way were created. Most publications on Bose focus on his activities during World War II, i.e. on his stay in Germany and Italy in the the period of 1941–1943, and on his return to East Asia and leadership over the Indian National Army (INA) alongside Japan in the period of 1943–1945. Also a big part of this text is devoted to that time, but first of all I would like to introduce a less well known period of several years (with breaks) when Bose stayed in Europe (including a visit to Poland) in the 1930s, which seriously affected the final shaping of his views and political agenda.
Adamec L.W., Afghanistan’s Foreign Affairs to the Mid‑Twentieth Century: Relations with the USSR, Germany, and Britain, Tucson 1974.
Ahmida A.A., The Making of Modern Libya: State Formation, Colonization, and Resistance, 1830–1932, New York 1994, s. 136–139.
Bose M., Raj, Secrets, Revolution: A Life of Subhas Chandra Bose, London 2004.
Bose S.C., An Indian Pilgrim: An Unfinished Autobiography, oprac. S.K. Bose, S. Bose, Kolkata 1997.
Bose S.C., Chalo Delhi: Writings and Speeches 1943–1945, red. S.K. Bose, S. Bose, Calcutta 2007.
Bose S.C., India’s Spokesman Abroad: Letters, Articles, Speeches and Statements 1933–1937, oprac. S.K. Bose, S. Bose, Kolkata 1994.
Bose S.C., Letters to Emilie Schenkl, 1934–1942, oprac. S.K. Bose, S. Bose, Kolkata 1994.
Bose S.C., The Indian Struggle, 1920–1942, Oxford 1997.
Chatterji S.K., Subhas Chandra Bose: Personal Reminiscences, [w:] Forgotten Images: Reflections and Reminiscences of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. T.R. Sareen, Delhi 1997, s. 40–42.
Ciano G., Dziennik 1937–1943, Pułtusk 2006.
Corr G.H., The War of the Springing Tigers, London 1975.
Dhillon G.S., The Last Straw that Broke the Back of the British Empire, [w:] Forgotten Images: Reflections and Reminiscences of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. T.R. Sareen, Delhi 1997, s. 129.
Elenimittan A., Account of Subhas‑Mussolini Interview, [w:] Forgotten Images: Reflections and Reminiscences of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. T.R. Sareen, Delhi 1997, s. 90.
Farwell B., Armies of the Raj: From the Mutiny to Independence, 1858–1947, New York 1989.
Felton M., Yanagi: The Secret Underwater Trade between Germany & Japan 1942–1945, Barnsley 2005.
Fujita M., Mō hitotsu no Rikugun heikishi: Shirarezaru rokaku heiki to dō meigun no jittai, Tōkyō 2004.
Fujiwara I., Kikan F., Japanese Army Intelligence Operations in Southeast Asia during World War II, Hong Kong 1983.
Gallagher J., Congress in Decline: Bengal, 1930 to 1939, „Modern Asian Studies” 1973, vol. 7, no. 3, s. 595–596.
Ganguly A.P., Life and Times of Netaji Subhas: From Cuttack to Cambridge, 1897–1921, Dehra Dun 2001.
Getz M.J., Subhas Chandra Bose: A Biography, Jefferson 2002.
Gin O.K., The Japanese Occupation of Borneo, 1941–1945, New York 2011.
Gość z Indyj w Polsce, „Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny”, 14 VII 1933, s. 8.
Gotō K., Tensions of Empire: Japan and Southeast Asia in the Colonial & Postcolonial World, Singapore 2003.
Hartog R., The Sign of the Tiger: Subhas Chandra Bose and His Indian Legion in Germany, 1941–45, New Delhi 2001.
Hauner M.L., Afghanistan between the Great Powers, 1938–1945, „International Journal of Middle East Studies” 1982, Vol. 14, no. 4, s. 488–489.
Hauner M.L., India in Axis Strategy: Germany, Japan, and Indian Nationalists in the Second World War, Stuttgart 1981.
Hayes R., Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany: Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda, 1941–43, London 2011.
Hitler A., Mein Kampf, München 1938.
Hoyt E.P., Warlord: Tojo Against the World, New York 2001.
Inden R.B., Marriage and Rank in Bengali Culture: A History of Caste and Clan in Middle Period Bengal, Berkeley 1976.
Kdo byl kdo: Čeští a slovenští orientalisté, afrikanisté a iberoamerikanisté. Biografický slovník, red. J. Filipský, Praha 1999, www.libri.cz/databaze/orient/list.php; www.libri.cz/databaze/orient/instituce.php (26.12.2012).
Martin B., Deutschland und Japan im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1940–1945. Vom Angriff auf Pearl Harbor bis zur deutschen Kapitulation, Hamburg 2001.
Maw B., Breakthrough in Burma: Memoirs of a Revolution, 1939–1946, New Haven 1968.
Mercado S.C., The Shadow Warriors of Nakano. A History of the Imperial Japanese Army’s Elite Intelligence School, Dulles 2002.
Molendowski L., Legion Wolne Indie, „Poligon” 2009, nr 3 (14), s. 84–89.
Mookerjee G.K., Bose and Nazi Germany, [w:] Forgotten Images: Reflections and Reminiscences of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. T.R. Sareen, Delhi 1997, s. 66, 69.
Mukherji P., Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian Liberation Movement in East Asia, New Delhi 2008.
Mussolini B., Opera omnia, t. 32: Dalla liberazione di Mussolini all’epilogo della Repubblica Sociale Italiana (13 settembre 1943–28 aprile 1945), Firenze 1960.
Nakajima T., Bose of Nakamuraya: An Indian Revolutionary in Japan, New Delhi 2005.
Neulen H.-W., An deutscher Seite: Internationale Freiwillige von Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS, München 1985.
„Nowiny Codzienne”, 12 VII 1933, s. 1.
Parikh N.D., Reminiscences, [w:] Forgotten Images: Reflections and Reminiscences of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. T.R. Sareen, Delhi 1997, s. 20–21.
Rawal S., I.N.A. Saga, Allahabad 1946.
Reynolds E.B., The Indian Community and the Indian Independence Movement in Thailand during World War II, [w:] Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire, red. P.H. Kratoska, London 2002, s. 178–180.
Roychowdhury R., Black Days in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, New Delhi 2004.
Sadasivan S.N., A Social History of India, New Delhi 2000.
Sahay A.M., Assessment of Subhas Chandra Bose, [w:] Forgotten Images: Reflections and Reminiscences of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. T.R. Sareen, Delhi 1997, s. 230–231.
Saito F., Hayashida T., To Delhi! To Delhi!, [w:] A Beacon Across Asia: A Biography of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. S.K. Bose, A. Werth, S.A. Ayer, Hyderabad 2008, s. 133–134;
Shigemitsu M., Japan and Her Destiny: My Struggle for Peace, London 1958.
Spychalska‑Wilczurowa G., Stanisław Franciszek Michalski, „Przegląd Orientalistyczny” 1962, nr 2, s. 129–133.
Sukthankar Y.N., Subhas We Knew at Cambridge, [w:] Forgotten Images: Reflections and Reminiscences of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. T.R. Sareen, Delhi 1997, s. 7–8.
Sur J., The Wanderer, www. autojunction.in/features/vintage‑and‑classic/the-wanderer‑112–34967.cms (10.12.2012).
Tessin G., Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen‑SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939–1945, t. 13: Die Landstreitkräfte 801–13400, Osnabrück 1976.
Thampi M., Indians in China 1800–1949, New Delhi 2005.
Toye H., The Springing Tiger: A Study of a Revolutionary, za: S.C. Bose: The Springing Tiger, Ahmedabad 1991.
Vas E.A., Subhas Chandra Bose: The Man and His Times, New Delhi 2008.
Vyas M.R., Rare Glimpses of Subhas Chandra Bose’s Personality and Thoughts, [w:] Forgotten Images: Reflections and Reminiscences of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. T.R. Sareen, Delhi 1997, s. 84.
Wolpert S., Nowa historia Indii, Warszawa 2010.
Werth A., Planning for Revolution, 1941–1943, [w:] A Beacon Across Asia: A Biography of Subhas Chandra Bose, red. S.K. Bose, A. Werth, S.A. Ayer, Hyderabad 2008, s. 100–103.
www.populstat.info/asia/indiat.htm (9.12.2012).
Information: Studia Historica Gedanensia, 2014, Volume 5 (2014), pp. 329 - 353
Article type: Original article
Titles:
„Indyjski pielgrzym”. Polityczne podróże Subhasa Chandry Bosego (1897–1945?)
“Indian Pilgrim”: Political Travels of Subhas Chandra Bose (1897–1945?)
Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, ul. Wita Stwosza 55 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
Published at: 24.07.2014
Article status: Open
Licence: None
Percentage share of authors:
Article corrections:
-Publication languages:
PolishView count: 2409
Number of downloads: 1328