Anarchist visions of the Medieval Icelandic non-state socio-political order – an outline of a critique
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEChoose format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEPublication date: 31.10.2017
Cracow Studies of Constitutional and Legal History, Volume 10 (2017), Volume 10, Issue 2, pp. 241 - 261
https://doi.org/10.4467/20844131KS.17.012.7556Authors
Anarchistyczne wizje bezpaństwowego ładu społeczno-politycznego średniowiecznej Islandii – zarys krytyki
Between the late 9th and the middle of the 13th century, Iceland was a pre-state society with a political system based on private means of creation, adjudication and enforcement of law. The functioning of this society has been a subject of numerous studies conducted within various disciplines, including legal history, political anthropology and institutional economics. In the last couple of decades, Medieval Iceland has also become a topic of interest to the various branches of the modern anarchist movement, whose members are prone to looking for historical examples of societies which lack a coercive government. The aim of this article is to critique the anarchist reconstructions of the Medieval Icelandic mode of governance. In particular, I will show that the anarchist visions of the non-state Icelandic socio-political order are anachronistic and substantially differ from the accounts found in the Old Icelandic narrative sources, as well as in the private collections of the medieval local law, known as Grágás.
A Companion to Old-Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture, ed. R. McTurk, Oxford 2007.
AFAQ: F.9, Is Medieval Iceland an Example of „Anarcho”-Capitalism Working in Practice?, http://www.infoshop.org/AnarchistFAQSectionF9 (dostęp: 3.01.2017).
An Anarchist FAQ, ed. I. McKay, t. 1, Edinburgh 2008; t. 2, Edinburgh 2012, http://www.infoshop.org/anarchist-faq (dostęp: 3.01. I 2017).
Anarchy, Geography, Modernity: Selected Writings of Elisée Reclus, eds. J.P. Clark, C. Martin, New York 2004.
Becker G., Stigler G., Law Enforcement, Malfeasance, and Compensation of Enforcers, „Journal of Legal Studies” 1974, t. 3, z. 1, s. 1–18.
Benediktsson J., Some Problems in the History of the Settlement of Iceland[w:] The Vikings, eds. T. Andersson, K.I. Sandred, Stockholm 1978.
Byock J., Feud in the Icelandic Saga, Berkeley 1982.
Byock J., Governmental Order in Early Medieval Iceland, „Viator. Medieval and Renaissance Studies” 1986, t. 17, z. 1, s. 19–34.
ByockJ.,State and Statelessness in Early Iceland [w:] Samtíðarsögur: The Contemporary Sagas, t. 1, ed. S. Tómasson, Akureyri 1994, s. 155–169.
Byock J.L., Viking Age Iceland, London 2001
Casey G., Reflections on Legal Polycentrism, „Journal of Libertarian Studies” 2010, t. 22, z. 1, s. 22–34.
Clastres P., Society Against State: Essays in Political Anthropology, wyd. 6, New York 2007.
Cooter R., Ulen T., Ekonomiczna analiza prawa, Warszawa 2009.
Dixit A.K., Lawlessness and Economics: Alternative Modes of Governance, Princeton 2007.
Eggertsson Þ., Economic Behavior and Institutions, Cambridge 1990, s. 304–311.
Friedman D.D., Efficient Institutions for the Private Enforcement of Law, „Journal of Legal Studies” 1984, t. 13, z. 2, s. 376–397.
Friedman D.D., Private Creation and Enforcement of Law: A Historical Case, „Journal of Legal Studies” 1979, t. 8, z. 2, s. 399–415.
Friedman D.D., The Machinery of Freedom: Guide to a Radical Capitalism, wyd. 3, New York 2014, s. 197–204.
Gelsinger B.E., The Icelandic Enterprise: Commerce and Economy in the Middle Ages, Columbia 1981.
Gogłoza W., Analityczny anarchizm – cele, przedmiot i metody badań empirycznych nad stanami natury [w:] Myślenie o polityce i prawie – przedmiot, metoda, perspektywa, red. I. Barwicka-Tylek, A. Czarnecka, M. Jaskólski, J. Malczewski, Warszawa 2015, s. 209–232.
Gogłoza W., Policentryczny porządek konstytucyjny – zarys historii idei[w:] Tendencje rozwojowe myśli politycznej i prawnej, red. M. Maciejewski, M. Marszał, M. Sadowski, Wrocław 2014, s. 345–361
Gogłoza W.,Spór o historyczność sag Islandczyków w perspektywie antropologii prawa[w:] Księga życia i twórczości. Księga pamiątkowa dedykowana Profesorowi Romanowi A. Tokarczykowi,t. V: Prawo, red. Z. Władek, J. Stelmasiak W. Gogłoza, K. Kukuryk, Lublin 2013, s. 64–89.
Gogłoza W., The Social Status of Women in the Old Icelandic Laws, [w:] Grettir’s Little Sword: Constructing Masculinity in Old Norse Society, red. L. Słupecki, R. Gogosz, Wodzisław Śląski 2017, artykuł przyjęty do druku.
Gould S.J., Kropotkin Was No Crackpot, „Natural History” 1997, t. 106, z. 1, s. 12–21.
Hadfield G.K., Weingast B.R., Law without the State: Legal Attributes and the Coordination of Decentralized Collective Punishment, „Journal of Law and Courts” 2013, t. 1, z. 1, s. 3–34.
Instytucja „wczesnego państwa” w perspektywie wielości i różnorodności kultur, red. J. Banaszkiewicz, M. Kara, H. Mamzer, Poznań 2015.
Íslendingabók and Kristnisaga, Viking Society for Northern Research Text Series, Vol. XVIII, London 2006.
Jakobsson S., From Reciprocity to Manorialism: On the Peasant Mode of Production in Medieval Iceland, „Scandinavian Journal of History” 2013, t. 38, z. 3, s. 273–295.
Jóhannesson J., ÍslendingaSaga: A History of the Old Icelandic Commonwealth, Manitoba 2006.
Karlsson G., Social Institutions[w:] A Companion to Old-Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture, red. R. McTurk, Oxford 2007, s. 503–517.
Karlsson G., The History of Iceland, Minneapolis 2000.
Karras R.M., Slavery and Society in Medieval Scandinavia, New Haven 1988.
Kerekes C.B., Williamson C.R., Discovering Law: Hayekian Competition in Medieval Iceland, „Griffith Law Review” 2012, t. 21, z. 2, s. 432–447.
Kristjánsson J., Eddas and Sagas: Iceland’s Medieval Literature, Reykjavík 1988.
Kropotkin P., Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, London 2009.
Landes W.M., Posner R.A., The Private Enforcement of Law, „The Journal of Legal Studies” 1975, t. 4, z. 1, s. 1–46.
Laws of Early Iceland. Grágás The Codex Regius of Grágás with Material from Other Manuscripts,t. 1 i 2, eds. A. Dennis, P. Foote, R. Perkins, Winnipeg 1980
Leeson P.T., Anarchy Unbound: Why Self-Governance Works Better Than You Think, Cambridge 2014.
Líndal S., Law and Legislation in the Icelandic Commonwealth, „Scandinavian Studies in Law” 1993, z. 37, s. 55–92.
Long R.T., Anarchism[w:] The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy, red. G. Gaus, F.D’Agostino, New York 2013, s. 217–230.
Long R.T., Market Anarchism as Constitutionalism [w:] Anarchism/Monarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country?, red. R.T. Long, T.R. Machan, Burlington 2008, s. 133–150.
Long R.T., Privatization, Viking Style: Model or Misfortune?, http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig3/long1.html (dostęp: 3.01.2017).
Magnus B., Dwellings and Settlements: Structure and Characteristics [w:] The Scandinavians from the Vendel Period to the Tenth Century,red. J. Jesch, Woodbridge 2002, s. 24 –25.
McKay I., An Anarchist FAQ, David Friedman and Medieval Iceland, http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/anarchism/writers/anarcho/anarchism/iceland.html (dostęp: 3.01.2017).
Miller W.I., Bloodtaking and Peacemaking: Feud, Law, and Society in Saga Iceland, Chicago 1997.
Morriss A., Anarcho-Capitalism[w:] The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism,ed. R. Hamowy,Los Angeles 2008.
Posner R.A., The Economics of Justice, wyd. 2, Cambridge 1983, s. 146–206.
Runólfsson B.Þ., Ordered Anarchy: Evolution of the Decentralized Legal Order in the Icelandic Commonwealth, „Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines” 1992, t. 3, z. 2/3, s. 331–351.
Runólfsson B.Þ., Institutional Evolution in the Icelandic Commonwealth, „Constitutional Political Economy” 1993, t. 4, z. 1, s. 97–125.
Sagi Islandzkie. Zarys dziejów literatury staronordyckiej, red. J. Morawiec, Ł. Neubauer, Warszawa 2016.
Samson R., Goðar. Democrats or Despots? [w:] From Sagas to Society: Comparative Approaches to Early Iceland, ed. G. Pálsson, Enfield Lock 1992, s. 167–188.
Sigurðsson J.V., Chieftains and Power in the Icelandic Commonwealth, Odense 1999.
Stringham E.P., Private Governance: Creating Order in Economic and Social Life, Oxford 2015.
Taylor L.A., The Representation of Land and Landownership in Medieval Icelandic Texts, rozprawa doktorska obroniona w 2006 r. na University of Oxford.
Urbańczyk P., Władza i polityka we wczesnym średniowieczu, Wrocław 2000.
Urbańczyk P., Zdobywcy północnego Atlantyku, Toruń 2012.
Vésteinsson O., A Divided Society: Peasants and the Aristocracy in Medieval Iceland, „Viking and Medieval Scandinavia” 2007, z. 3, s. 117–137.
Vésteinsson O.,Archeology of Economy and Society [w:] A Companion to Old-Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture, ed. R. McTurk, Oxford 2007.
Vésteinsson O., Communities of Dispersed Settlements: Social Organization at the Ground Level in Tenth to Thirteenth-century Iceland[w:] People and Space in the Middle Ages,300–1300, eds W. Davies, G. Halsall, A. Reynolds, Turnhout 2006.
Vésteinsson O., Patterns of Settlement in Iceland: A Study in Pre-History, „Saga Book” 1998, t. 25, z. 1, s. 1–29.
Vésteinsson O., The Archeology of Landnám: Early Settlement in Iceland [w:] Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, eds. W.W. Fitzhugh, E.I. Ward, Washington 2000, s. 171–174.
Vésteinsson O., The Christianization of Iceland: Priests, Power, and Social Change 1000–1300, Oxford 2000.
Whiston T., Medieval Iceland and the Absence of Government, https://mises.org/library/medieval-iceland-and-absence-government (dostęp: 3.01.2017).
Wickham C., Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–800, Oxford 2006.
Zori D.M., From Viking Chiefdoms to Medieval State in Iceland: The Evolution of Social Power Structures in the Mosfell Valley, rozprawa doktorska obroniona w 2010 r. na University of California, Los Angeles.
Information: Cracow Studies of Constitutional and Legal History, Volume 10 (2017), Volume 10, Issue 2, pp. 241 - 261
Article type: Original article
Titles:
Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Plac Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 5, Lublin, Poland
Published at: 31.10.2017
Article status: Open
Licence: CC BY-NC-ND
Percentage share of authors:
Article corrections:
-Publication languages:
PolishView count: 1797
Number of downloads: 1412