The contemporary shape of the housing estate does not promote development of social bonds. No other pro-social movement in the whole history of urban space has changed so much in the traditional cityscape as the modern avant-grade of the 19th and early 20th century. The situation in urban planning and design at that time was similar to other fields of science. The period brought a change in understanding beauty in art and architecture, and modernism strongly emphasised functionalism, rational and utilitarian values of the living environment of man.

The contemporary shape of the housing estate does not promote development of social bonds. No other pro-social movement in the whole history of urban space has changed so much in the traditional cityscape as the modern avant-grade of the 19th and early 20th century. The situation in urban planning and design at that time was similar to other fields of science. The period brought a change in understanding beauty in art and architecture, and modernism strongly emphasised functionalism, rational and utilitarian values of the living environment of man.