Abdelkhalek N. K., Mohamed A., Salama M. F., Elmishmishy B., Ali M. O., El-Ashram A., Hamed M. F., Al-Araby M. A. (2018) Molecular identification of Trichodina compacta van As and Basson, 1989 (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) from cultured Oreochromis niloticus in Egypt and its impact on immune responses and tissue pathology. Parasitol. Res. 117: 1907–1914

Arthur J. R., Lom J. (1984) Some trichodinid ciliates (Protozoa: Peritrichida) from Cuban fishes, with a description of Trichodina cubanensis n. sp. from the skin of Cichlasoma tetracantha. T. Am. Microsc. Soc. 103: 172–184

Basson L., van As J. G., Paperna I. (1983) Trichodinid ectoparasites of cichlid and cyprinid fishes in South Africa and Israel. Syst. Parasitol. 5: 245–257

Channing A., Rödel M. O., Channing J. (2012). Tadpoles of Africa: The biology and identification of all known tadpoles in sub-Saharan Africa. Chimaira Buchhandelgesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main

Chen C. L. (1963) Studies on the ectoparasitic trichodinids from freshwater fish, tadpole and crustacean. Acta Hydrobiol. Sin. 3: 99–111

Clark K., Karsch-Mizrachi I., Lipman D. J., Ostell J., Sayers E. W. (2016) GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 44(D1):D67–72

de Jager G. P., Basson L. (2019) Taxonomic assessment of three North American trichodinids by re-evaluating the taxon validity of Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977 (Peritrichia). Acta Protozool. 58: 125–139

Dias R. J. P., Fernandes N. M., Sartini B., da Silva-Neto I. D., D’Agosto M. (2009) Occurrence of Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) infesting tadpoles of Rhinella pombali (Anura: Bufonidae) in the Neotropical area. Parasitol. Int. 58: 471–474

Duncan B. L. (1977) Urceolariid ciliates, including three new species, from cultured Philippine fishes. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 96: 79–81

du Preez L., Carruthers V. C. (2009) A complete guide to the frogs of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town Fernandes N. M., Sartini B., Dias R. J. P., D’Agosto M. (2011) Quantitative study of Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Mobilia) infrapopulations infesting tadpoles of a Brazilian endemic toad Rhinella pombali (Anura: Bufonidae). Zoologia-Curitiba 28: 777–783

Felsenstein J. (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791

Gong Y. C., Yu Y. H., Villalobo E., Zhu F. Y., Miao, W. (2006) Reevaluation of the phylogenetic relationship between mobilid and sessilid peritrichs (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) based on small subunit rRNA genes sequences. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 53: 397–403

Irwin N. A. T., Lynn D. H. (2015) Molecular phylogeny of mobilid and sessilid ciliates symbiotic in eastern Pacific limpets (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda). J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 62: 543–552

Irwin N. A. T., Sabetrasekh M., Lynn D. H. (2017). Diversification and phylogenetics of mobilid peritrichs (Ciliophora) withdescription of Urceolaria parakorschelti sp. nov. Protist 168: 481–493

Kazubski S. L. (1988) Morphological variation in a ciliate, Trichodina reticulata Hirschmann et Partsch, 1955 (Peritrichida), in tadpoles from small ponds. Acta Protozool. 27: 259–269

Kimura M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16: 111–120

Klein B. M. (1926) Die Silberliniensysteme der Ciliaten. ihr Verhaken wahrend Teilung und Conjugation. Arch. Protistenkd. 58: 55–142

Kruger J., van As J. G., Basson L. (1993a) Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977 (Ciliophora: Peritrichida), an ectoparasite on larvae of the African Clawed toad Xenopus laevis laevis (Daudin, 1802). Acta Protozool. 32: 255–259

Kruger J., Basson L., van As J.G. (1993b) On the ultrastructure of the adhesive disc of Trichodina xenopodos Fantham, 1924 and T. heterodentata Duncan, 1977 (Ciliophora: Peritrichida). Acta Protozool. 32: 245–253

Kruger J., van As J. G., Basson L. (1995) Observations on the adhesive disc of Trichodina xenopodos, Fantham, 1924 and T. heterodentata Duncan, 1977 (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) during binary fission. Acta Protozool. 34: 203–209

Kumar S., Stecher G., Li M., Knyaz C., Tamura K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35: 1547–1549

Lom J. (1958) A contribution to the systematics and morphology of endoparasitic trichodinids from amphibians, with a proposal of uniform specific characteristics. J. Protozool. 5: 251–263

Lom J. (1961) Ectoparasitic trichodinids from fresh water fish in Czechoslovakia. Acta. Soc. Zool. Bohemoslov. 25: 215–228

Lynn D. H. (2017). Ciliophora. In: Handbook of the Protists (Eds. J. M. Archibald, A. G. B. Simpson, C. H. Slamovits). Springer, Cham, 679–730

Marcotegui P. S., Montes M. M., Barneche J., Ferrari W., Martorelli, S. (2018) Geometric morphometric on a new species of Trichodinidae. A tool to discriminate trichodinid species combined with traditional morphology and molecular analysis. Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl. 7: 228–236

Medlin L., Elwood H. J. Sticker S., Sogin M. L. (1988) The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene 71: 491–499

Nei M., Kumar S. (2000). Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, New York

Pádua S. B., Martins M. L., Carraschi S. P., Cruz C., Ishikawa M. (2012) Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae): a new parasite for Piaractus mesopotamicus (Pisces: Characidae). Zootaxa 3422: 62–68

Pala G., Valladão G. M. R., Alves L. O., Pilarski F., Hopp E. L. (2018) Tadpoles of Rhinella schneideri as reservoirs of trichodinids in continental aquaculture. Aquaculture 488: 17–21

Raabe Z. (1950) Remarques sur les Urceolariides (Ciliata – Peritricha) des branches des poissons. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Skłodowska 5: 291–310

Ronquist F., Huelsenback J. P. (2003) Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574

Saitou N., Nei M. (1987) The Neighbour-Joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4: 406–425

Sogin M. L., Silberman J. D. (1998) Evolution of the protists and protistan parasites from the perspective of molecular systematics. Int. J. Parasitol. 28: 11–20

Tang F. H., Zhao Y. J. (2007) Taxonomic studies of three species of Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 with pathologic research into gill tissue of Carassius auratus caused by Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977: a study of trichodinids from freshwater fishes in Chongqing II. J. Chongqing Norm. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 24: 8

Tang F. H., Zhao Y. J. (2016) Molecular phylogenetic evidences on Mobilida based on genetic distance and GC content of 18S rDNA using broad taxon sampling. Acta Hydrobiol. 4: 358–369

Tang F. H., Zhao Y. J., Warren A. (2013) Phylogenetic analyses of trichodinids (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequence data. Curr. Microbiol. 66: 306–313

Tang F., Zhang Y., Zhao Y. (2017) Morphological and molecular identification of the new species, Trichodina pseudoheterodentata sp. n. (Ciliophora, Mobilida, Trichodinidae) from the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in Chongqing China. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 64: 45–55

Valladão G. M. R., Gallani S. U., de Pádua S. B., Martins M. L., Pilarski F. (2013) Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora) infestation on Prochilodus linaetus larvae: A host–parasite relationship study. Parasitology 141: 662–669

van As J. G., Basson L. (1989) A further contribution to the taxonomy of the Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and a review of the taxonomic status of some fish ectoparasitic trichodinids. Syst. Parasitol. 14: 157–179

van As J. G., Basson L. (1992) Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) of freshwater fishes of the Zambesi River System, with a reappraisal of host specificity. Syst. Parasitol. 22: 81–109

Wang Q., Tang F., Zhao Y-J. (2015) Clone and sequence analysis of 18S rDNA of Trichodina centrostrigata. J. Chongqing Norm. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 32: 31–37

Wang Z., Zhou T., Gu Z. (2017) New data of two trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from farmed freshwater fishes in Hubei, China. Eur. J. Protistol. 60: 50–59

Wang Z., Deng Q., Zhou T., Yang H., Gu, Z. (2018) First record of two ectoparasitic ciliates of the genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) parasitizing gills of an invasive freshwater fish, Micropercops swinhonis, in Tibet. Parasitol. Res.117: 2233–2242

Wellborn T. L. (1967) Trichodina (Ciliata: Urceolariidae) of freshwater fishes of the South-eastern United States. J. Protozool. 14: 399–412

West D. T., van As J. G., van As L. L. (2015) Surface water quality in the Okavango Delta panhandle, Botswana. Afr. J. Aquat. Sci. 40: 359–372

Wiroonpan P., Purivirojkul W. (2019) New record of Trichodina unionis (Ciliophora, Trichodinidae) from freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand. Parasite. 26: 1–10

Zhan Z., Xu K., Warren A., Gong, Y. (2009) Reconsideration of phylogenetic relationships of the subclass Peritrichia (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) based on small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences, with the establishment of a new subclass Mobilia Kahl, 1933. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 56: 552–558

Zhan Z., Xu K., Dunthorn M. (2013) Evaluating molecular support for and against the monophyly of the Peritrichia and phylogenetic relationships within the Mobilida (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). Zool. Scr. 42: 213–226