This paper presents new grammar systems that describe transformations of syntactic structures. They represent two approaches: synchronous grammars and transducers. The systems consist of well-known models such as context-free grammars and finite automata. Particular attention is paid to synchronization of regulated grammars. The paper recalls formal definitions of the systems and discusses theoretical results regarding their generative and accepting power. The last part briefly introduces application perspectives in natural language translation, illustrated by examples of Czech-English translation.
