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Warsaw University of Life Sciences

Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa

Poland

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Research Organization Registry icon 05srvzs48

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Innovation and Entrepreneurship Policies and Gender Equity

Olga Zajkowska

International Journal of Contemporary Management, Issue 16(1), 2017, pp. 37-59

https://doi.org/10.4467/24498939IJCM.17.002.7046

Background. Gender inequality hinders economic growth by lowering the pool of potential talents for production, through distorted access of one gender to education, employment, entrepreneurship, and creation of innovation. Research on policies on entrepreneurship, innovation and gender is of great importance for deciding on the best policy mix to diminish losses of welfare due to gender inequality.

Research aims. The aim of this paper is to examine how the policies towards innovation and entrepreneurship in Europe address the issue of gender equality. The question we put is whether entrepreneurship-targeting and innovation-targeting policies are gender-oriented, gender-neutral, or gender-indirect-discriminating.

Methodology. Our focus is on the intersection of the areas of innovations, entrepreneurship, and gender. We analyse models of innovation systems: National Innovation Systems, Tripple Helix, and Quadruple Helix Models and discuss if they address gender equality in innovations.

Key findings. We claim that a gender perspective is missing in policies towards innovation and entrepreneurship. Innovation policies in Europe target mostly male-dominated industries. The paper concludes that science-based policies on entrepreneurship and innovation should incorporate gender equality as their structural feature.

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Self-employment and Motherhood – What Can We Infer from the Survey Data?

Olga Zajkowska

Public Management, Issue 2 (38), 2017, pp. 177-189

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843968ZP.16.015.7230

There is a broad discussion in the literature if self-employment is a solution allowing women to reconcile their work and family life. Nevertheless there is still very little empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis for different countries and institutional frameworks and the results are mixed. One of the reasons may be the lack of sufficient data containing questions on self-employment, entrepreneurship, innovations, firm performance and simultaneously questions fertility intentions and decisions. The article compares properties of several European representative surveys and discusses potential methodological issues.

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Olga Zajkowska Email

Warsaw University of Life Sciences ( Poland)

Olga Zajkowska