Iwona Sobol

Banks have very diverse structures of funding, which has not changed significantly over the years. Forms of funding used by modern banks include: capital, deposits and wholesale funding. Deposits, especially retail ones constitute the main source of bank funding. Banks’ customers invest their money in the form of deposits usually in order to receive interest. What also attracts customers to deposits is the security of investment. Banks deposits come with a very low default risk, since they are usually protected under deposit guarantee schemes.

However it should be noted that not all banks can offer deposits characterised by the above-mentioned features. In the 1970s, an alternative banking system emerged in which financial instruments, including deposits, are structured in a different, unique way. A distinctive feature of Islamic banks is the obligation to conduct operations in accordance with the principles of sharia, which is the religious law of Muslims. The basic sharia principle applied by Islamic financial institutions is the prohibition of usury (arab. riba), which is understood as any sort of increase over the principal amount. The prohibition of riba has huge implications on operations conducted by Islamic banks since none of them can be based on interest. This also applies to deposits. It should be noted that Islamic scholars are generally of the opinion that saving is desirable, or even necessary, for the economic and social development of Muslim societies. However, mobilisation of savings in the Islamic banking system is much more challenging than in the conventional one. Deposits cannot be based on interest rate since this is contrary to sharia, but they still should bring certain profits so as to promote savings. The main purpose of the article is to characterise Islamic banks’ deposit funding and to compare the scope of usage of deposits in Islamic and conventional banks via the example of Malaysia. In the study qualitative, as well as quantitative research methods have been employed.

In the past few decades, an increasing significance of Islamic finance has been observed. What is distinguishable about Islamic financial institutions is the necessity of conducting financial operations in compliance with sharia, which is a religious law of the Muslims. With the share of around 80% in total assets of Islamic financial institutions, Islamic banks play a dominant role in the Islamic financial industry. Islamic banks operate mainly in Muslim countries, but they also offer services in countries inhabited by Muslim minorities. The United Kingdom is one of those countries. It is worth noting that London, which is the main financial centre of the world, aspires to be the most important centre of Islamic finance in the non-Muslim world as well. The purpose of this article is to present the evolution and the state of development of Islamic banking in theUKas well as to analyse the factors of the development of Islamic banking in this country with an indication of the problems that may inhibit that development. The article uses descriptive and analytical methods of analysis, based mainly on the review of scientific literature, market reports, and statistical data.